Development/Tutorials/Plasma5/QML2/GettingStarted

Abstract

This tutorial needs KDE Frameworks 5 / Plasma 5 to build. We are going to create a simple plasmoid in this tutorial. To keep things simple, we are going to make have use QML 2.0 and it will use Plasma Components in our tutorial .

Package Structure

You create a .desktop file and the .qml file. They have to be in the usual Plasma package structure:

• plasmoid/metadata.desktop
• plasmoid/contents/ui/main.qml

Your directory structure should now be as follows:

myproject/CMakeLists.txt
myproject/plasmoid/
myproject/plasmoid/metadata.desktop
myproject/plasmoid/contents/
myproject/plasmoid/contents/ui/
myproject/plasmoid/contents/ui/main.qml

The Code

The .desktop file

Every Plasmoid needs a .desktop file to tell plasma how it should be started and what name it carries.

metadata.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Tutorial
Comment=Tutoial on getting started with Plasma 5 plasmoids .
Type=Service
X-KDE-ParentApp=
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Author=Heena
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Email=[email protected]
X-KDE-PluginInfo-License=GPL
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Name=org.kde.tutorial
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Version=2.0
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Website=plasma.kde.org
X-KDE-ServiceTypes=Plasma/Applet
X-Plasma-API=declarativeappletscript
X-Plasma-MainScript=ui/main.qml
X-Plasma-RemoteLocation=
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Category=Windows and Tasks

The most important bits are the X-KDE-Library and X-KDE-PluginInfo-Name, they are the "glue" between your class and plasma, without it, nothing will start. For X-KDE-PluginInfo-Category, refer to the PIG.

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.0
import org.kde.plasma.components 2.0 as PlasmaComponents

PlasmaComponents.Label {
    text: "Hello world in Plasma 5 ";
}

Building it all, the CMakeLists.txt

Finally, to put everything together you need to build everything. All you need is to put

  plasma_install_package(tutorial org.kde.tutorial plasma/plasmoids applet)

For more details on CMake please read Development/Tutorials/CMake

Representations

The plasmoid can provide two components: compactRepresentation and FullRepresentation

import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1
import org.kde.plasma.plasmoid 2.0
import org.kde.plasma.core 2.0 as PlasmaCore

Item {
    Plasmoid.compactRepresentation: CompactRepresentation {}
    Plasmoid.fullRepresentation: FullRepresentation {}
}

where the files CompactRepresentation.qml and FullRepresentation.qml exist in the plasmoid package. They are both optional: if compactRepresentation is not present, a default one will be created (the plasmoid icon) if fullRepresentation is not defined, the root item will be picked instead. If a fullRepresentaion is defined, the root item will not contain any graphical element (they will be never shown) but is only supposed to contain models and data that must be accessible from both the compact and the full representation.

Minimum size

if the root object of the plasmoid (or the fullRepresentation if present) has the Layout attached property exposed, they will be used as the minimum size for the plasmoid. If they will change during the plasmoid execution, the plasmoid minimum size will be updated accordingly.

import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1
import org.kde.plasma.components 2.0 as PlasmaComponents


PlasmaComponents.Label {
    Layout.minimumWidth : formFactor == PlasmaCore.Types.Horizontal ? height : 1
    Layout. minimumHeight : formFactor == PlasmaCore.Types.Vertical ? width  : 1
    text: "Hello world in plasma5 ";
}

In the above example, the minimum width will be the height in case the formFactor is Horizontal .Similarly , if the formFactor is Vertical then minimumHeight shall be the width as shown in the above example .

Localization

It is possible to localize strings with the usual i18n(), i18nc(), i18np() global functions.

Install

Cmake

Just you need to put

  plasma_install_package(tutorial org.kde.tutorial plasma/plasmoids applet)

in your CMakeLists.txt and you will be fine .

Plasmapkg

You can install your plasmoid, though obviously this is just temporary. CMake, below, is recommended:

plasmapkg2 --install plasmoid_plasma5

Testing the Applet

If your current Development Environment differs from the Test Installation, you have to run cmake with -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$KF5. Then run make. If succesfull the applet can be installed by running sudo make install

and run kbuildsycoca5 (so that KDE apps will know about the new desktop files). In order to test your Applet you can load the Plasma 5 plasmoid in plasma-shell as shown :

kbuildsycoca5 #Needed once to let KDE know there is a new plugin
plasma-shell

You can even find your plasmoid in ~./local5 after you build it . Where applet_name is the value specified into .desktop for the X-KDE-PluginInfo-Name key.

Wow that was fun!

Congrats! you just made your first qml 2.0 Plasmoid.