Projects/Usability/HIG/IconDesign

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Apply metaphors only once (e.g. do not use a brush twice for different options).
Rethink conventionally used metaphors (e.g. the clipboard icon of paste).
Antiquated metaphors might work well (e.g. a floppy is not necessarily outdated to represent save).
Adjust the degree of abstractness according to familiarity of the metaphor.
Avoid using arrows, they are unspecific.
Define metaphors independent from language and culture.
Make icons simple.

http://user-prompt.com/semiotics-in-usability-guidelines-for-the-development-of-icon-metaphors/