Projects/Usability/HIG/IconDesign
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- Apply metaphors only once (e.g. do not use a brush twice for different options).
- Rethink conventionally used metaphors (e.g. the clipboard icon of paste).
- Antiquated metaphors might work well (e.g. a floppy is not necessarily outdated to represent save).
- Adjust the degree of abstractness according to familiarity of the metaphor.
- Avoid using arrows, they are unspecific.
- Define metaphors independent from language and culture.
- Make icons simple.
http://user-prompt.com/semiotics-in-usability-guidelines-for-the-development-of-icon-metaphors/