Projects/Usability/HIG/IconDesign

Purpose

Icons are pictorial representations of functions and objects, important not only for aesthetic reasons as part of the visual identity of a program, but also for utilitarian reasons as shorthand for conveying meaning that users perceive almost instantaneously. Well-designed icons improve the visual communication and strongly impact users' overall impression of visual design. Last but not least, icons are space-saving and improve usability by making programs, objects, and actions easier to identify, learn.

Guidelines

• Create icons with varying sizes in respect to the level of design. Simply scaling down (or up) does not work.
• Design icons with a small number of metaphors [1].
  • Apply metaphors only once (e.g. do not use a brush twice for different options).
  • Rethink conventionally used metaphors (e.g. the clipboard icon of paste).
  • Antiquated metaphors might work well (e.g. a floppy is not necessarily outdated to represent save).
  • Adjust the degree of abstractness according to familiarity of the metaphor.
  • Avoid using arrows, they are unspecific.
  • Define metaphors independent from language and culture.
  • Make icons simple.
• Colorize icons according to the meaning but in respect to application’s colors.
• Don’t use animated icons.
• Test your icon set on strength of association, discriminatory power, conspicuousness, and, if applicable, on accessibility.

References

[1] http://user-prompt.com/semiotics-in-usability-guidelines-for-the-development-of-icon-metaphors/