Projects/Nepomuk/GraphConcepts: Difference between revisions

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    == The Semantic Web - with quadruples ==
    == The Semantic Web - with quadruples == <!--T:1-->


    <!--T:2-->
    '''Nepomuk''' is based on the Semantic Web, and even though the Semantic Web is largely advertised as a triple store, Nepomuk is NOT a triple store. We in fact store quadruples -> <tt>Subject - Predicate - Object - Graph</tt>. The <tt>Graph</tt> part of these quadruples is always automatically managed by Nepomuk. Clients rarely (if ever) need to care about the graph.
    '''Nepomuk''' is based on the Semantic Web, and even though the Semantic Web is largely advertised as a triple store, Nepomuk is NOT a triple store. We in fact store quadruples -> <tt>Subject - Predicate - Object - Graph</tt>. The <tt>Graph</tt> part of these quadruples is always automatically managed by Nepomuk. Clients rarely (if ever) need to care about the graph.


    <!--T:3-->
    However, if you still want to know why they are present. Read on.
    However, if you still want to know why they are present. Read on.


    <!--T:4-->
    The <tt>graph</tt> is also called the context of the statement. It is used to store some information about each triple
    The <tt>graph</tt> is also called the context of the statement. It is used to store some information about each triple


    == Graph Naming ==
    == Graph Naming == <!--T:5-->


    <!--T:6-->
    Every graph in '''Nepomuk''' is given a unique uri which is of the form <tt>nepomuk:/ctx/uuid</tt>. The <tt>ctx</tt> over here is an abbreviation for context.
    Every graph in '''Nepomuk''' is given a unique uri which is of the form <tt>nepomuk:/ctx/uuid</tt>. The <tt>ctx</tt> over here is an abbreviation for context.


    == Graph Creation ==
    == Graph Creation == <!--T:7-->


    <!--T:8-->
    The first obvious question is - When are graphs created? Is everything just added into one big graph?
    The first obvious question is - When are graphs created? Is everything just added into one big graph?


    <!--T:9-->
    '''Nepomuk''' works by creating new graphs for each atomic operation. These operations are the ones defined by the [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/datamanagement_8h.html DataManagement functions] -
    '''Nepomuk''' works by creating new graphs for each atomic operation. These operations are the ones defined by the [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/datamanagement_8h.html DataManagement functions] -


    <!--T:10-->
    * [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#gafb8a64e1fb9e8339ff87be1b7a370a57 addProperty]
    * [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#gafb8a64e1fb9e8339ff87be1b7a370a57 addProperty]
    * [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#gaa86c603d624d55703b0e41bbec77d2ec setProperty]
    * [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#gaa86c603d624d55703b0e41bbec77d2ec setProperty]
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    <!--T:11-->
    Each time any of these operations is called and new data is being pushed, a new graph with the current date time is created.
    Each time any of these operations is called and new data is being pushed, a new graph with the current date time is created.


    == Graph contents ==
    == Graph contents == <!--T:12-->


    <!--T:13-->
    Graphs in '''Nepomuk''' store the following information -
    Graphs in '''Nepomuk''' store the following information -


    <!--T:14-->
    * Graph Type
    * Graph Type
    * Creation Date
    * Creation Date
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    <!--T:15-->
    Example -
    Example -
    <syntaxhighlight lang="text">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="text">
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    <!--T:16-->
    The <tt>nao:created</tt> and <tt>nao:lastModified</tt> properties are identical to those used in resources. Except for the fact that graphs are generally never modified. They are only created or destroyed.
    The <tt>nao:created</tt> and <tt>nao:lastModified</tt> properties are identical to those used in resources. Except for the fact that graphs are generally never modified. They are only created or destroyed.


    === Graph Type ===
    === Graph Type === <!--T:17-->


    <!--T:18-->
    Each graph has a type which depends on the type of data it holds. The 3 most commonly used types are -
    Each graph has a type which depends on the type of data it holds. The 3 most commonly used types are -
    * <tt>nrl:Ontology</tt> - Used to hold ontology data.
    * <tt>nrl:Ontology</tt> - Used to hold ontology data.
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    * <tt>nrl:DiscardableInstanceBase</tt> - Used for data which can be reproduced and should not be backed up. This type is generally reserved for data created during indexing of files.
    * <tt>nrl:DiscardableInstanceBase</tt> - Used for data which can be reproduced and should not be backed up. This type is generally reserved for data created during indexing of files.


    === Agents ===
    === Agents === <!--T:19-->


    <!--T:20-->
    Each graph contains a property called <tt>nao:maintainedBy</tt> which specifies which application created that data -
    Each graph contains a property called <tt>nao:maintainedBy</tt> which specifies which application created that data -


    <!--T:21-->
    <syntaxhighlight lang="text">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="text">
    <nepomuk:/ctx/c4d93812-7d8c-4c8f-b8a7-e1d4dbc5fed5>
    <nepomuk:/ctx/c4d93812-7d8c-4c8f-b8a7-e1d4dbc5fed5>
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             nao:maintainedBy        nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0
             nao:maintainedBy        nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0


    <!--T:22-->
    <nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0>
    <nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0>
             rdf:type                nao:Agent
             rdf:type                nao:Agent
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    <!--T:23-->
    Each application is represented as a <tt>nao:Agent</tt> with the application name specified as the nao:identifier. This name is automatically determined via <tt>KComponentData</tt> and can be spoofed. Security was not one of our concerns.
    Each application is represented as a <tt>nao:Agent</tt> with the application name specified as the nao:identifier. This name is automatically determined via <tt>KComponentData</tt> and can be spoofed. Security was not one of our concerns.


    <!--T:24-->
    Each triple may be maintained by a number of different applications. This information is valuable for the advanced DataManagement functions such as [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#ga0fbf22be4b581afd0b5bcd1f203e934f <tt>removeDataByApplication</tt>].
    Each triple may be maintained by a number of different applications. This information is valuable for the advanced DataManagement functions such as [http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/nepomuk-core/html/group__nepomuk__datamanagement.html#ga0fbf22be4b581afd0b5bcd1f203e934f <tt>removeDataByApplication</tt>].


    <!--T:25-->
    [[Category:Documentation]]
    [[Category:Documentation]]
    [[Category:Development]]
    [[Category:Development]]
    [[Category:Tutorials]]
    [[Category:Tutorials]]
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    Revision as of 16:29, 13 December 2012


    The Semantic Web - with quadruples

    Nepomuk is based on the Semantic Web, and even though the Semantic Web is largely advertised as a triple store, Nepomuk is NOT a triple store. We in fact store quadruples -> Subject - Predicate - Object - Graph. The Graph part of these quadruples is always automatically managed by Nepomuk. Clients rarely (if ever) need to care about the graph.

    However, if you still want to know why they are present. Read on.

    The graph is also called the context of the statement. It is used to store some information about each triple

    Graph Naming

    Every graph in Nepomuk is given a unique uri which is of the form nepomuk:/ctx/uuid. The ctx over here is an abbreviation for context.

    Graph Creation

    The first obvious question is - When are graphs created? Is everything just added into one big graph?

    Nepomuk works by creating new graphs for each atomic operation. These operations are the ones defined by the DataManagement functions -


    Each time any of these operations is called and new data is being pushed, a new graph with the current date time is created.

    Graph contents

    Graphs in Nepomuk store the following information -

    • Graph Type
    • Creation Date
    • Modification Date
    • Graph Maintainer


    Example -

    <nepomuk:/ctx/c4d93812-7d8c-4c8f-b8a7-e1d4dbc5fed5>
            rdf:type                nrl:InstanceBase
            nao:created             2011-07-30T11:34:19.587Z
            nao:modified            2011-07-30T11:34:19.587Z
            nao:maintainedBy        nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0
    


    The nao:created and nao:lastModified properties are identical to those used in resources. Except for the fact that graphs are generally never modified. They are only created or destroyed.

    Graph Type

    Each graph has a type which depends on the type of data it holds. The 3 most commonly used types are -

    • nrl:Ontology - Used to hold ontology data.
    • nrl:InstanceBase - Used for normal data
    • nrl:DiscardableInstanceBase - Used for data which can be reproduced and should not be backed up. This type is generally reserved for data created during indexing of files.

    Agents

    Each graph contains a property called nao:maintainedBy which specifies which application created that data -

    <nepomuk:/ctx/c4d93812-7d8c-4c8f-b8a7-e1d4dbc5fed5>
            rdf:type                nrl:DiscardableInstanceBase
            nao:created             2011-07-30T11:34:19.587Z
            nao:modified            2011-07-30T11:34:19.587Z
            nao:maintainedBy        nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0
    
    <nepomuk:/res/e2eb2efb-14ee-4038-ac24-698f916289b0>
            rdf:type                nao:Agent
            rdf:type                rdfs:Resource
            nao:identifier          nepomukindexer
    


    Each application is represented as a nao:Agent with the application name specified as the nao:identifier. This name is automatically determined via KComponentData and can be spoofed. Security was not one of our concerns.

    Each triple may be maintained by a number of different applications. This information is valuable for the advanced DataManagement functions such as removeDataByApplication.