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| This document contains rules useful when you are porting a KDE library to win32. Most of these rules are also valid for porting external libraries code, like application's libraries and even application's private code.
| | {{Moved To Community|Windows/Imported From TechBase/{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}||3}}}} |
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| ==Before you start==
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| * Make sure (ask KDElibs/win32 maintainer) that the library you selected for porting is not ported, but just not committed yet.
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| * You can ask the maintainer for proposals, what can be useful for porting.
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| * You will need KDE svn account for your work.
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| * Download most current (HEAD) of the KDE libraries.
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| ==Absolute directory checking==
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| Look for '/' and "/" and change every single code like:
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| <code c>
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| if (path[0]=='/')
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| or:
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| <code cppqt>
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| if (path.startsWith('/'))
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| with:
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| <code cppqt>
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| if (!QDir::isRelativePath(path))
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| (or "QDir::isRelativePath(path)" if there was used path[[0]!='/').
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| ==Ifdefs==
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| ===C++ code===
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| Macros for C++ code are defined in qglobal.h file. If you've got included at least one Qt header, you probably have qglobal.h included already, otherwise, include it explicity.
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| Use
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| <code c>
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| #ifdef Q_WS_X11
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| ....
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| for any C++ code that looks like X11-only.
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| Use
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| <code c>
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| #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX
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| ....
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| for any C++ code that looks like UNIX-only, for example uses UNIX-specific OS features.
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| Use
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| <code c>
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| #ifdef Q_WS_WIN
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| ....
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| for any C++ code that is MSWindows-only.
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| ===C code===
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| Note that qglobal.h is C++-only, so instead use
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| <code c>
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| #ifdef _WIN32
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| ....
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| for any C code that is MSWindows-only (regardless to compiler type).
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| === Rare cases: How to check in Windows-only code which compiler is used?===
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| ====MS Visual C++ - Qt-independent code (especially, C code)====
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| #ifdef _MSC_VER
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| ....//msvc code
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ====MS Visual C++ - Qt code====
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| #ifdef Q_CC_MSVC
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| ....//msvc code
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ====Borland C++ - Qt-independent code (especially, C code)====
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| #ifdef __BORLANDC__
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| ....//borland code
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ====Borland C++ - Qt code====
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| #ifdef Q_CC_BOR
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| ....//borland code
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| #endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ===General notes===
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| In many places using #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX / #else / #endif is more readable than separate #ifdefs.
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| '''NOTE!!!''' if you must ifdef parts of the code, which contain complete features, please file a bug report against kde-windows target, component porting, in kde's bugzilla, so that those can be fixed later.
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| ===Related links===
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| * [http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vclang/html/_predir_predefined_macros.asp| msvc++ Predefined Macros]
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| ==Header files==
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| ===Common header file===
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| Unless there is are any header file from kdelibs included in your header file, you need to add:
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| <code c>
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| #include <kdemacros.h>
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| or
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| <code c>
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| #include <kdecore_export.h>
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| at the beginning of your header file to have some necessary system-independent macros defined.
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| ===Export macros===
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| For win32 world, symbols are "hidden by default" (not visible by default as e.g. on unix). This has already been [http://lists.kde.org/?l=kde-core-devel&m=105154800130902&w=2|discussed] on the kde mailing list.
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| For every library's code (not for standalone code), you need to make symbols exported for win32.
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| Do this by adding ***_EXPORT macro (win32 export macro) after "class" keyword within any public class (and structure) declaration. You may also decide to put this macro even for non-public class, if you think that the class could be used somewhere outside your library.
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| Example:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| class KDEFOO_EXPORT FooClass {
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| ...
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| };
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| '''Note''': For kdelibs, ***_EXPORT macros for are defined in kdelibs_export_win.h file (in kdelibs/win/ directory). You can study this file to see how the macros are defined. This file is simply included by kdelibs_export.h, for win32 target.
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| '''Note2''': Recently we're prepared to gcc's export capatibilities, probably in versions newer than 3.4, just like these in win32's msvc compiler. In kdemacros.h file (included by kdelibs_export.h) there are defines prepared for this functionality:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| #define KDE_NO_EXPORT __attribute__ ((visibility("hidden")))
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| #define KDE_EXPORT __attribute__ ((visibility("default")))
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| For gcc <= 3.4, KDE_EXPORT and KDE_NO_EXPORT macros are just empty. Note that we're not using KDE_NO_EXPORT for non-public symbols: in the future probably it will be better to use command line switch to turn hidding by default (as win32 compiler has).
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| '''Note3''': *_EXPORT macros depend on MAKE_{LIBRARYNAME}_LIB macro. In KDE4 buildsystem (cmake) the latter is defined automatically by reusing {LIBRARYNAME}, for example MAKE_KATEINTERFACES_LIB is constructed when KATEINTERFACES library is compiled. The logic behind it is implemented in kdelibs/cmake/modules/KDE4Macros.cmake:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| if (WIN32)
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| # for shared libraries/plugins a -DMAKE_target_LIB is required
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| string(TOUPPER ${_target_NAME} _symbol)
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| set(_symbol "MAKE_${_symbol}_LIB")
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| set_target_properties(${_target_NAME} PROPERTIES DEFINE_SYMBOL ${_symbol})
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| endif (WIN32)
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ===Exporting global functions===
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| Also add the same ***_EXPORT at the beginning of public functions' declaration and definition (just before function's type). This also includes functions defined within a namespace.
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| Example:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| namespace Foo {
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| KDEFOO_EXPORT int publicFunction();
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| }
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ===What not to export?===
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| * methods inside classes (no matter static or not)
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| * inline functions
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| * template classes, e.g.:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| template <class T>
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| class KGenericFactoryBase
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ===Visibility===
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| There are classes or functions that are made "internal", by design. If you really decided anybody could neven need to link against these classes/functions, you don't need to add **_EXPORT macro for them.
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| ===Deprecated classes===
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| Before porting KDElibs to win32, I realized that deprecated classes already use KDE_DEPRECATED macro. We're unable to add another macro like this:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| class KDEFOO_EXPORT KDE_DEPRECATED FooClass { //< - bad for moc!
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| ...
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| }; | |
| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ..because moc'ing will fail for sure. We've defined special macros like that in kdelibs_export.h file (fell free to add your own if needed):
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| # ifndef KABC_EXPORT_DEPRECATED
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| # define KABC_EXPORT_DEPRECATED KDE_DEPRECATED KABC_EXPORT
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| # endif
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| So, we have following example of deprecated class:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| class KABC_EXPORT_DEPRECATED FooClass { //<- ok for moc
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| ...
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| }; | |
| </syntaxhighlight>
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| .. which is ok for __moc__. Note that sometimes KDE_DEPRECATED is also used at the end of functions. You don't need to change it for win32 in any way.
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| ==Loadable KDE modules/plugins==
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| {{TODO|This is deprecated section; we should use K_PLUGIN_FACTORY and K_EXPORT_PLUGIN macros}}
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| ===K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY macro===
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| Use K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY( libname, factory ), defined in klibloader.h, instead of hardcoding:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| extern "C" {void *init_libname() { return new factory; } };
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ...because the former way is more portable (contains proper export macro, which ensures visiblility of "init_libname" symbol).
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| Examples:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY( ktexteditor_insertfile,
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| GenericFactory<InsertFilePlugin>( "ktexteditor_insertfile" ) )
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| K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY( libkatepart, KateFactoryPublic )
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ===More complex case===
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| Sometimes you need to declare a factory which defined as a template with multiple arguments, eg.:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
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| extern "C"
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| {
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| void* init_resourcecalendarexchange()
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| {
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| return new KRES::PluginFactory<ResourceExchange,ResourceExchangeConfig>();
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| }
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| }
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| ... but compiler complains about too many arguments passed to K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY. To avoid this, you can use __typedef__:
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
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| typedef KRES::PluginFactory<ResourceExchange,ResourceExchangeConfig> MyFactory;
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| K_EXPORT_COMPONENT_FACTORY(resourcecalendarexchange, MyFactory)
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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| The same trick can be used if the constructor of the factory takes multiple arguments.
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| ==Application icons==
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| Windows keeps icon data within .exe binaries. For KDE applications use CMake's KDE4_ADD_APP_ICON(appsources pattern) macro in automatically assign to add .png images for .exe files. [[Development/CMake/Addons for KDE#Macros|More information on KDE4_ADD_APP_ICON() macro...]]
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