Development/Tutorials/Using KXmlGuiWindow: Difference between revisions

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{{Template:I18n/Language Navigation Bar (zh_CN)|Development/Tutorials/创建主窗口}}
This page was moved [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/main_window/ here]
{{TutorialBrowser|
 
series=初学者教程|
 
name=创建主窗口|
 
pre=[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]]|
 
next=[[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|教程3 - 使用KActions]]|
 
reading={{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}
}}
 
== 摘要 ==
本教程承接上一讲[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]] ,进一步介绍{{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}类的使用。
 
在上一讲中,程序只是显示了一个弹出框。在本讲中,我们要让我们的程序具备更加实际功能。
 
[[image:introtokdetutorial2.png|frame|center]]
 
== 使用KXmlGuiWindow ==
 
为了得到一个可用的KXmlGuiWindow,我们必须对它子类化。为此,我们创建两个文件:<tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt>和<tt>mainwindow.h</tt>,在其中保存我们的派生类代码。我们的类继承自KXmlGuiWindow,因为它使用XML来定义程序的菜单结构。
 
===mainwindow.h===
<code cppqt>
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
 
#include <KXmlGuiWindow>
#include <KTextEdit>
 
class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow
{
  public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);
  private:
    KTextEdit* textArea;
};
 
#endif
</code>
首先,我们在第7行声明了KXmlGuiWindow的一个派生类:<tt>class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow</tt>.
 
接下来我们声明了一个构造函数<tt>MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);</tt>.
 
最后我们定义了一个指针类型的成员变量,它将被用来指向我们用来构成程序主体的KTextEdit对象。{{class|KTextEdit}}是一个通用的RichText编辑器,并具有很多KDE特有的优点,如光标自动隐藏等。
 
===mainwindow.cpp===
<code cppqt>
#include "mainwindow.h"
 
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KXmlGuiWindow(parent)
{
  textArea = new KTextEdit;
  setCentralWidget(textArea);
  setupGUI();
}
</code>
首先,很自然的,我们在第一行首先声明包含了含有类声明的头文件。
 
在第五行,我们初始化了一个KTextEdit对象并将它赋给之前定义的成员变量。接下来在第6行,我们调用<tt>KXmlGuiWindow</tt>内置的<tt>setCentralWidget()</tt>函数,它告诉程序应该将什么东西显示在窗口的中央。
 
最终, <tt>KXmlGuiWindow::setupGUI()</tt>被调用,它会替我们完成很多底层的工作,并创建一个缺省的菜单(包含“设置”和“帮助”)。
 
==Back to main.cpp==
In order to actually run this window, we need to add a few lines in main.cpp:
===main.cpp===
<code cppqt>
#include <KApplication>
#include <KAboutData>
#include <KCmdLineArgs>
 
#include "mainwindow.h"
 
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  KAboutData aboutData( "tutorial2", 0,
      ki18n("Tutorial 2"), "1.0",
      ki18n("A simple text area"),
      KAboutData::License_GPL,
      ki18n("Copyright (c) 2007 Developer") );
  KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData );
 
  KApplication app;
  MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
  window->show();
 
  return app.exec();
}
</code>
The only new lines here (compared to Tutorial 1) are 18 and 19. On line 18, we create our MainWindow object and then on line 19, we display it.
 
==CMake==
The best way to build the program is to use CMake. All that's changed since tutorial 1 is that <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt> has been added to the sources list and any <tt>tutorial1</tt> has become <tt>tutorial2</tt>.
===CMakeLists.txt===
<code ini>
project (tutorial2)
 
find_package(KDE4 REQUIRED)
include_directories( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} )
 
set(tutorial2_SRCS
main.cpp
mainwindow.cpp
)
 
kde4_add_executable(tutorial2 ${tutorial2_SRCS})
target_link_libraries( tutorial2 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
</code>
 
=== 编译运行 ===
To compile, link and run it, use:
cmake . && make && ./tutorial2
 
== 继续前进 ==
Now you can move on to [[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|using KActions]].
 
[[Category:C++]]

Latest revision as of 14:32, 8 September 2020

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