Development/Tutorials/Saving and loading: Difference between revisions

    From KDE TechBase
    (Make it storage medium agnostic ;))
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    <languages/>
     
    <translate>
    <!--T:1-->
    {{TutorialBrowser|
    {{TutorialBrowser|
    series=Beginner Tutorial|
    series=Beginner Tutorial|
    name=Loading and saving files|
    name=Loading and saving files|
    pre=[[Development/Tutorials/Using_Actions|Tutorial 3 - Actions]]|
    pre=[[Development/Tutorials/Using_Actions|Tutorial 3 - Actions]]|
    next=[[Development/Tutorials/CommandLineArguments|Tutorial 5 - Using Command Line Arguments]]|  
    next=[[Development/Tutorials/CommandLineArguments|Tutorial 5 - Using Command Line Arguments]]|  
    reading=[[Development/Tutorials/KIO Slaves/Using KIO Slaves in your Program|Tutorial: Using KIO Slaves in your Program]] KIO::{{class|NetAccess}} {{qt|QFile}}
    reading=[[Development/Tutorials/KIO Slaves/Using KIO Slaves in your Program|Tutorial: Using KIO Slaves in your Program]] KIO::{{class|NetAccess}} {{qt|QFile}}
    }}
    }}


    ==Abstract==
    ==Abstract== <!--T:2-->


    <!--T:3-->
    Now that we have a basic text editor interface, it's time to make it do something useful. At the most basic, a text editor needs to be able to load files from data storage, save files that you've created/edited, and create new files.
    Now that we have a basic text editor interface, it's time to make it do something useful. At the most basic, a text editor needs to be able to load files from data storage, save files that you've created/edited, and create new files.


    The KDE Frameworks provides a number of classes for working with files which make life a lot easier for developers. The KIO framework allows you to easily access files through network-transparent protocols. At the same time, Qt also provides standard file dialogs for opening and saving files.
    <!--T:4-->
    The KDE Frameworks provides a number of classes for working with files that make life a lot easier for developers. The KIO framework allows you to easily access files through network-transparent protocols. At the same time, Qt also provides standard file dialogs for opening and saving files.


    <!--T:5-->
    [[image:tutorial4-kf5.png|frame|center]]
    [[image:tutorial4-kf5.png|frame|center]]


    == The Code ==
    == The Code == <!--T:6-->


    ===main.cpp===
    ===main.cpp=== <!--T:7-->
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstdlib>
    Line 78: Line 78:
    }
    }
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:8-->
    <tt>main.cpp</tt> hasn't changed from tutorial 3 except to change any reference from tutorial 3 to tutorial 4.
    <tt>main.cpp</tt> hasn't changed from tutorial 3 except to change any reference from tutorial 3 to tutorial 4.


    ===mainwindow.h===
    ===mainwindow.h=== <!--T:9-->
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
    #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
    Line 116: Line 119:
    #endif
    #endif
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:10-->
    Since we want to add the ability to load and save files, we must add the functions which will do the work. Since the functions will be called through Qt's [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/signalsandslots.html signal/slot] mechanism we must specify that these functions are slots. Since we are using slots in this header file, we must also add the [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qobject.html#Q_OBJECT <tt>Q_OBJECT</tt>] macro.
    Since we want to add the ability to load and save files, we must add the functions which will do the work. Since the functions will be called through Qt's [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/signalsandslots.html signal/slot] mechanism we must specify that these functions are slots. Since we are using slots in this header file, we must also add the [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qobject.html#Q_OBJECT <tt>Q_OBJECT</tt>] macro.


    <!--T:11-->
    We also want to keep track of the filename of the currently opened file so we declare a <tt>[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qstring.html QString] fileName</tt>.
    We also want to keep track of the filename of the currently opened file so we declare a <tt>[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qstring.html QString] fileName</tt>.


    ===mainwindow.cpp===
    ===mainwindow.cpp=== <!--T:12-->
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    #include <QApplication>
    #include <QApplication>
    Line 236: Line 243:
    }
    }
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:13-->
    We'll get into the details of <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt> in a while.
    We'll get into the details of <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt> in a while.


    ===tutorial4ui.rc===
    ===tutorial4ui.rc=== <!--T:14-->
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    Line 261: Line 271:
    </gui>
    </gui>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:15-->
    This is identical to <tt>tutorial3ui.rc</tt> from tutorial 3 except the <tt>name</tt> has changed to 'tutorial4'. We do not need to add any information about any of the <tt>KStandardAction</tt>s since the placement of those actions is handled automatically by KDE.
    This is identical to <tt>tutorial3ui.rc</tt> from tutorial 3 except the <tt>name</tt> has changed to 'tutorial4'. We do not need to add any information about any of the <tt>KStandardAction</tt>s since the placement of those actions is handled automatically by KDE.


    ==Explanation==
    ==Explanation== <!--T:16-->


    <!--T:17-->
    Okay, now to implement the code that will do the loading and saving. This will all be happening in <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt>
    Okay, now to implement the code that will do the loading and saving. This will all be happening in <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt>


    <!--T:18-->
    The first thing we do is add <tt>fileName(QString())</tt> to the <tt>MainWindow</tt> constructor list to make sure that <tt>fileName</tt> is empty right from the beginning.
    The first thing we do is add <tt>fileName(QString())</tt> to the <tt>MainWindow</tt> constructor list to make sure that <tt>fileName</tt> is empty right from the beginning.


    ===Adding the actions===
    ===Adding the actions=== <!--T:19-->


    <!--T:20-->
    The first thing we are going to do is provide the outward interface for the user so they can tell the application to load and save. Like with the <tt>quit</tt> action in tutorial 3, we will use <tt>KStandardActions</tt>. We add the actions in the same way as for the <tt>quit</tt> action and, for each one, we connect it to the appropriate slot that we declared in the header file.
    The first thing we are going to do is provide the outward interface for the user so they can tell the application to load and save. Like with the <tt>quit</tt> action in tutorial 3, we will use <tt>KStandardActions</tt>. We add the actions in the same way as for the <tt>quit</tt> action and, for each one, we connect it to the appropriate slot that we declared in the header file.


    ===Creating a new document===
    ===Creating a new document=== <!--T:21-->


    <!--T:22-->
    The first function we create is the <tt>newFile()</tt> function.
    The first function we create is the <tt>newFile()</tt> function.
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    void MainWindow::newFile()
    void MainWindow::newFile()
    Line 283: Line 300:
    }
    }
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:23-->
    <tt>fileName.clear()</tt> sets the <tt>fileName</tt> QString to be empty to reflect the fact that this document does not yet have a presence on storage. <tt>textArea->clear()</tt> then clears the central text area using the same function that we connected the <tt>clear</tt> <tt>KQction</tt> to in tutorial 3.
    <tt>fileName.clear()</tt> sets the <tt>fileName</tt> QString to be empty to reflect the fact that this document does not yet have a presence on storage. <tt>textArea->clear()</tt> then clears the central text area using the same function that we connected the <tt>clear</tt> <tt>KQction</tt> to in tutorial 3.


    ===Saving a file===
    <!--T:24-->
    {{Warning|This simple example simply clears the text area without checking if the file has been saved first. It's only meant as a demonstration of file I/O and not as an example of best programming practices.}}
     
    ===Saving a file=== <!--T:25-->


    '''NOTE:''' To make this tutorial simple, this example program can only save to local storage even though it can open any file, even those from remote sources.
    <!--T:26-->
    {{Note|To make this tutorial simple, this example program can only save to local storage even though it can open any file from any location, even those from remote sources.}}


    ====saveFileAs(QString)====
    ====saveFileAs(QString)==== <!--T:27-->


    <!--T:28-->
    Now we get onto our first file handling code. We're going to implement a function which will save the contents of the text area to the file name given as a parameter. Qt provides a class for safely saving a file called [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qsavefile.html QSaveFile].
    Now we get onto our first file handling code. We're going to implement a function which will save the contents of the text area to the file name given as a parameter. Qt provides a class for safely saving a file called [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qsavefile.html QSaveFile].


    <!--T:29-->
    The function's prototype is
    The function's prototype is
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs(const QString &outputFileName)
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs(const QString &outputFileName)
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
     
    <translate>
    <!--T:30-->
    We then create our <tt>QSaveFile</tt> object and open it with
    We then create our <tt>QSaveFile</tt> object and open it with
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    QSaveFile file(outputFileName);
    QSaveFile file(outputFileName);
    file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
     
    <translate>
    <!--T:31-->
    Now that we have our file to write to, we need to format the text in the text area to a format which can be written to file. For this, we create a [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qbytearray.html QByteArray] and fill it with the plain text version of whatever is in the text area:
    Now that we have our file to write to, we need to format the text in the text area to a format which can be written to file. For this, we create a [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qbytearray.html QByteArray] and fill it with the plain text version of whatever is in the text area:
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    QByteArray outputByteArray;
    QByteArray outputByteArray;
    outputByteArray.append(textArea->toPlainText().toUtf8());
    outputByteArray.append(textArea->toPlainText().toUtf8());
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:32-->
    Now that we have our <tt>QByteArray</tt>, we use it to write to the file with <tt>QSaveFile::write()</tt>. If we were using a normal <tt>QFile</tt>, this would make the changes immediately. However, if a problem occurred partway through writing, the file would become corrupted. For this reason, <tt>QSaveFile</tt> works by first writing to a temporary file and then, when you call <tt>QSaveFile::commit()</tt> the changes are made to the actual file. <tt>commit()</tt> also closes the file.
    Now that we have our <tt>QByteArray</tt>, we use it to write to the file with <tt>QSaveFile::write()</tt>. If we were using a normal <tt>QFile</tt>, this would make the changes immediately. However, if a problem occurred partway through writing, the file would become corrupted. For this reason, <tt>QSaveFile</tt> works by first writing to a temporary file and then, when you call <tt>QSaveFile::commit()</tt> the changes are made to the actual file. <tt>commit()</tt> also closes the file.
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    file.write(outputByteArray);
    file.write(outputByteArray);
    file.commit();
    file.commit();
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:33-->
    Finally, we set <tt>MainWindows</tt>'s <tt>fileName</tt> member to point to the file name we just saved to.
    Finally, we set <tt>MainWindows</tt>'s <tt>fileName</tt> member to point to the file name we just saved to.
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    fileName = outputFileName;
    fileName = outputFileName;
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>


    ====saveFileAs()====
    ====saveFileAs()==== <!--T:34-->


    <!--T:35-->
    This is the function that the <tt>saveAs</tt> slot is connected to. It simply calls the generic <tt>saveFileAs(QString)</tt> function and passes the file name returned by <tt>[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html QFileDialog]::[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html#getSaveFileName getSaveFileName()]</tt>.
    This is the function that the <tt>saveAs</tt> slot is connected to. It simply calls the generic <tt>saveFileAs(QString)</tt> function and passes the file name returned by <tt>[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html QFileDialog]::[http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html#getSaveFileName getSaveFileName()]</tt>.
     
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs()
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs()
    Line 329: Line 367:
    }
    }
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>


    <!--T:36-->
    [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html QFileDialog] provides a number of static functions for displaying the common file dialog that is used by all KDE applications. Calling <tt>QFileDialog::getSaveFileName()</tt> will display a dialog where the user can select the name of the file to save to or choose a new name. The function returns the full file name, which we then pass to <tt>saveFileAs(QString)</tt>.
    [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qfiledialog.html QFileDialog] provides a number of static functions for displaying the common file dialog that is used by all KDE applications. Calling <tt>QFileDialog::getSaveFileName()</tt> will display a dialog where the user can select the name of the file to save to or choose a new name. The function returns the full file name, which we then pass to <tt>saveFileAs(QString)</tt>.


    ====saveFile()====
    ====saveFile()==== <!--T:37-->


    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    void MainWindow::saveFile()
    void MainWindow::saveFile()
    Line 347: Line 388:
    }
    }
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>


    <!--T:38-->
    There's nothing exciting or new in this function, just the logic to decide whether or not to show the save dialog. If <tt>fileName</tt> is not empty, then the file is saved to <tt>fileName</tt>. But if it is, then the dialog is shown to allow the user to select a file name.
    There's nothing exciting or new in this function, just the logic to decide whether or not to show the save dialog. If <tt>fileName</tt> is not empty, then the file is saved to <tt>fileName</tt>. But if it is, then the dialog is shown to allow the user to select a file name.


    ===Loading a file===
    ===Loading a file=== <!--T:39-->


    <!--T:40-->
    Finally, we get round to being able to load a file, from local storage or from a remote location like an FTP server. The code for this is all contained in <tt>MainWindow::openFile()</tt>.
    Finally, we get round to being able to load a file, from local storage or from a remote location like an FTP server. The code for this is all contained in <tt>MainWindow::openFile()</tt>.


    <!--T:41-->
    First we must ask the user for the name of the file they wish to open. We do this using another one of the <tt>QFileDialog</tt> functions, this time <tt>getOpenFileName()</tt>:
    First we must ask the user for the name of the file they wish to open. We do this using another one of the <tt>QFileDialog</tt> functions, this time <tt>getOpenFileName()</tt>:
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    QUrl fileNameFromDialog = QFileDialog::getOpenFileUrl(this, i18n("Open File"));
    QUrl fileNameFromDialog = QFileDialog::getOpenFileUrl(this, i18n("Open File"));
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:42-->
    Here we use the QUrl class to handle files from remote locations.
    Here we use the QUrl class to handle files from remote locations.


    <!--T:43-->
    Then we use the KIO library to retrieve our file. This allows us to open the file normally even if it's stored in a remote location like an FTP site. We make the following call to the <tt>[http://api.kde.org/frameworks-api/frameworks5-apidocs/kio/html/namespaceKIO.html#a17631774b47cddb0127d8a3c1fc2315c KIO::storedGet()]</tt> function with an argument for the file you wish to open or download:
    Then we use the KIO library to retrieve our file. This allows us to open the file normally even if it's stored in a remote location like an FTP site. We make the following call to the <tt>[http://api.kde.org/frameworks-api/frameworks5-apidocs/kio/html/namespaceKIO.html#a17631774b47cddb0127d8a3c1fc2315c KIO::storedGet()]</tt> function with an argument for the file you wish to open or download:
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    KIO::Job* job = KIO::storedGet(fileNameFromDialog);
    KIO::Job* job = KIO::storedGet(fileNameFromDialog);
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>


    <!--T:44-->
    The function returns a handle to a <tt>KIO::Job</tt>, which we first connect to our <tt>downloadFinished()</tt> slot before "running" the job.
    The function returns a handle to a <tt>KIO::Job</tt>, which we first connect to our <tt>downloadFinished()</tt> slot before "running" the job.
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    connect(job, SIGNAL(result(KJob*)), this, SLOT(downloadFinished(KJob*)));
    connect(job, SIGNAL(result(KJob*)), this, SLOT(downloadFinished(KJob*)));
    Line 371: Line 424:
    job->exec();
    job->exec();
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>


    <!--T:45-->
    The rest of the work happens in the <tt>downloadFinished()</tt> slot. First, the job is checked for errors. If it failed, we display a message box giving the error. We also make sure to clear the fileName, since the file wasn't opened successfully:
    The rest of the work happens in the <tt>downloadFinished()</tt> slot. First, the job is checked for errors. If it failed, we display a message box giving the error. We also make sure to clear the fileName, since the file wasn't opened successfully:
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    KMessageBox::error(this, job->errorString());
    KMessageBox::error(this, job->errorString());
    fileName.clear();
    fileName.clear();
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
     
    <translate>
    <!--T:46-->
    Otherwise, we continue with opening the file.
    Otherwise, we continue with opening the file.


    <!--T:47-->
    The data that <tt>storedGet()</tt> successfully downloaded, in this case the contents of our text file, is stored in the <tt>data</tt> member of a <tt>[http://api.kde.org/frameworks-api/frameworks5-apidocs/kio/html/classKIO_1_1StoredTransferJob.html KIO::StoredTransferJob]</tt> class. But in order to display the contents of the file at text, we must use a [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtextstream.html QTextStream]. We create one by passing the the data of the <tt>StoredTransferJob</tt> to its constructor and then call its <tt>readAll()</tt> function to get the text from the file. This is then passed to the <tt>setPlainText()</tt> function of our text area.
    The data that <tt>storedGet()</tt> successfully downloaded, in this case the contents of our text file, is stored in the <tt>data</tt> member of a <tt>[http://api.kde.org/frameworks-api/frameworks5-apidocs/kio/html/classKIO_1_1StoredTransferJob.html KIO::StoredTransferJob]</tt> class. But in order to display the contents of the file at text, we must use a [http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtextstream.html QTextStream]. We create one by passing the the data of the <tt>StoredTransferJob</tt> to its constructor and then call its <tt>readAll()</tt> function to get the text from the file. This is then passed to the <tt>setPlainText()</tt> function of our text area.
     
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
    KIO::StoredTransferJob* storedJob = (KIO::StoredTransferJob*)job;
    KIO::StoredTransferJob* storedJob = (KIO::StoredTransferJob*)job;
    textArea->setPlainText(QTextStream(storedJob->data(), QIODevice::ReadOnly).readAll());
    textArea->setPlainText(QTextStream(storedJob->data(), QIODevice::ReadOnly).readAll());
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:48-->
    {{{Note|Again, for simplicity's sake, this tutorial only saves text files to local disk. When you open a remote file for viewing and try to save it, the program will behave as if you were calling Save As on a completely new file.}}


    '''NOTE:''' Again, for simplicity's sake, this tutorial only saves text files to local disk. When you open a remote file for viewing and try to save it, the program will behave as if you were calling Save As on a completely new file.
    ==Make, Install, and Run== <!--T:49-->
     
    ==Make, Install, and Run==


    ===CMakeLists.txt===
    ===CMakeLists.txt=== <!--T:50-->
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cmake">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="cmake">
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
    Line 445: Line 505:
    install(FILES tutorial4ui.rc DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_KXMLGUI5DIR}/tutorial4)
    install(FILES tutorial4ui.rc DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_KXMLGUI5DIR}/tutorial4)
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    <!--T:51-->
    Since we are now using the KIO library, we must tell CMake to link against it. We do this by passing <tt>KIO</tt> to the <tt>find_package()</tt> function and <tt>KF5::KIOCore</tt> to <tt>target_link_libraries()</tt> function.
    Since we are now using the KIO library, we must tell CMake to link against it. We do this by passing <tt>KIO</tt> to the <tt>find_package()</tt> function and <tt>KF5::KIOCore</tt> to <tt>target_link_libraries()</tt> function.


    <!--T:52-->
    With this file, the tutorial can be built and run in the same way as tutorial 3. For more information, see tutorial 3.
    With this file, the tutorial can be built and run in the same way as tutorial 3. For more information, see tutorial 3.
    </translate>
    <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
    <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
    mkdir build && cd build
    mkdir build && cd build
    Line 454: Line 518:
    XDG_DATA_DIRS=$HOME/share:$XDG_DATA_DIRS $HOME/bin/tutorial4
    XDG_DATA_DIRS=$HOME/share:$XDG_DATA_DIRS $HOME/bin/tutorial4
    </syntaxhighlight>
    </syntaxhighlight>
    <translate>
    ==Moving On== <!--T:53-->


    ==Moving On==
    <!--T:54-->
    Now you can move on to the [[Development/Tutorials/CommandLineArguments|command line arguments]] tutorial.
    Now you can move on to the [[Development/Tutorials/CommandLineArguments|command line arguments]] tutorial.


    {{Tip||The source code on this page applies only the current KDE Frameworks 5 ("KF5") version. For the older KDE Development Platform ("KDE4"), See [[Development/Tutorials/Saving_and_loading/KDE4]]}}
    <!--T:55-->
    [[Category:C++]]
    [[Category:C++]]
    </translate>

    Revision as of 18:04, 25 October 2019

    Other languages:
    Loading and saving files
    Tutorial Series   Beginner Tutorial
    Previous   Tutorial 3 - Actions
    What's Next   Tutorial 5 - Using Command Line Arguments
    Further Reading   Tutorial: Using KIO Slaves in your Program KIO::NetAccess QFile

    Abstract

    Now that we have a basic text editor interface, it's time to make it do something useful. At the most basic, a text editor needs to be able to load files from data storage, save files that you've created/edited, and create new files.

    The KDE Frameworks provides a number of classes for working with files that make life a lot easier for developers. The KIO framework allows you to easily access files through network-transparent protocols. At the same time, Qt also provides standard file dialogs for opening and saving files.

    The Code

    main.cpp

    #include <cstdlib>
     
    #include <QApplication>
    #include <QCommandLineParser>
    
    #include <KAboutData>
    #include <KLocalizedString>
    
    #include "mainwindow.h"
     
    int main (int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        QApplication app(argc, argv);
        
        KLocalizedString::setApplicationDomain("tutorial4");
        
        KAboutData aboutData(
                             // The program name used internally. (componentName)
                             QStringLiteral("tutorial4"),
                             // A displayable program name string. (displayName)
                             i18n("Tutorial 4"),
                             // The program version string. (version)
                             QStringLiteral("1.0"),
                             // Short description of what the app does. (shortDescription)
                             i18n("A simple text area which can load and save."),
                             // The license this code is released under
                             KAboutLicense::GPL,
                             // Copyright Statement (copyrightStatement = QString())
                             i18n("(c) 2015"),
                             // Optional text shown in the About box.
                             // Can contain any information desired. (otherText)
                             i18n("Some text..."),
                             // The program homepage string. (homePageAddress = QString())
                             QStringLiteral("http://example.com/"),
                             // The bug report email address
                             // (bugsEmailAddress = QLatin1String("[email protected]")
                             QStringLiteral("[email protected]"));
        aboutData.addAuthor(i18n("Name"), i18n("Task"), QStringLiteral("[email protected]"),
                            QStringLiteral("http://your.website.com"), QStringLiteral("OSC Username"));
        KAboutData::setApplicationData(aboutData);
     
        QCommandLineParser parser;
        aboutData.setupCommandLine(&parser);
        parser.process(app);
        aboutData.processCommandLine(&parser);
        
        MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
        window->show();
        
        return app.exec();
    }
    

    main.cpp hasn't changed from tutorial 3 except to change any reference from tutorial 3 to tutorial 4.

    mainwindow.h

    #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
    #define MAINWINDOW_H
     
    #include <KXmlGuiWindow>
    
    class KTextEdit;
    class KJob;
     
    class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow
    {
        Q_OBJECT
        
      public:
        explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
     
      private:
        void setupActions();
     
      private slots:
        void newFile();
        void openFile();
        void saveFile();
        void saveFileAs();
        void saveFileAs(const QString &outputFileName);
        
        void downloadFinished(KJob* job);
    
      private:
        KTextEdit* textArea;
        QString fileName;
    };
     
    #endif
    

    Since we want to add the ability to load and save files, we must add the functions which will do the work. Since the functions will be called through Qt's signal/slot mechanism we must specify that these functions are slots. Since we are using slots in this header file, we must also add the Q_OBJECT macro.

    We also want to keep track of the filename of the currently opened file so we declare a QString fileName.

    mainwindow.cpp

    #include <QApplication>
    #include <QAction>
    #include <QSaveFile>
    #include <QFileDialog>
    #include <QTextStream>
    #include <QByteArray>
    
    #include <KTextEdit>
    #include <KLocalizedString>
    #include <KActionCollection>
    #include <KStandardAction>
    #include <KMessageBox>
    #include <KIO/Job>
    
    #include "mainwindow.h"
    
    MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KXmlGuiWindow(parent), fileName(QString())
    {
      textArea = new KTextEdit();
      setCentralWidget(textArea);
      
      setupActions();
    }
    
    void MainWindow::setupActions()
    {
        QAction* clearAction = new QAction(this);
        clearAction->setText(i18n("&Clear"));
        clearAction->setIcon(QIcon::fromTheme("document-new"));
        actionCollection()->setDefaultShortcut(clearAction, Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_W);
        actionCollection()->addAction("clear", clearAction);
        connect(clearAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), textArea, SLOT(clear()));
        
        KStandardAction::quit(qApp, SLOT(quit()), actionCollection());
        
        KStandardAction::open(this, SLOT(openFile()), actionCollection());
     
        KStandardAction::save(this, SLOT(saveFile()), actionCollection());
     
        KStandardAction::saveAs(this, SLOT(saveFileAs()), actionCollection());
     
        KStandardAction::openNew(this, SLOT(newFile()), actionCollection());
        
        setupGUI(Default, "tutorial4ui.rc");
    }
    
    void MainWindow::newFile()
    {
        fileName.clear();
        textArea->clear();
    }
    
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs(const QString &outputFileName)
    {
        if (!outputFileName.isNull())
        {
            QSaveFile file(outputFileName);
            file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
            
            QByteArray outputByteArray;
            outputByteArray.append(textArea->toPlainText().toUtf8());
            file.write(outputByteArray);
            file.commit();
    
            fileName = outputFileName;
        }
    }
    
    void MainWindow::saveFileAs()
    {
        saveFileAs(QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, i18n("Save File As")));
    }
    
    void MainWindow::saveFile()
    {
        if (!fileName.isEmpty())
        {
            saveFileAs(fileName);
        }
        else
        {
            saveFileAs();
        }
    }
    
    
    void MainWindow::openFile()
    {
        QUrl fileNameFromDialog = QFileDialog::getOpenFileUrl(this, i18n("Open File"));
        
        if (!fileNameFromDialog.isEmpty())
        {
            KIO::Job* job = KIO::storedGet(fileNameFromDialog);
            fileName = fileNameFromDialog.toLocalFile();
    
            connect(job, SIGNAL(result(KJob*)), this, SLOT(downloadFinished(KJob*)));
            
            job->exec();
        }
    }
    
    void MainWindow::downloadFinished(KJob* job)
    {
        if (job->error())
        {
            KMessageBox::error(this, job->errorString());
            fileName.clear();
            return;
        }
        
        KIO::StoredTransferJob* storedJob = (KIO::StoredTransferJob*)job;
        textArea->setPlainText(QTextStream(storedJob->data(), QIODevice::ReadOnly).readAll());
    }
    

    We'll get into the details of mainwindow.cpp in a while.

    tutorial4ui.rc

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <gui name="tutorial4"
         version="1"
         xmlns="http://www.kde.org/standards/kxmlgui/1.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.kde.org/standards/kxmlgui/1.0
                             http://www.kde.org/standards/kxmlgui/1.0/kxmlgui.xsd" >
     
      <MenuBar>
        <Menu name="file" >
          <Action name="clear" />
        </Menu>
      </MenuBar>
     
      <ToolBar name="mainToolBar" >
        <text>Main Toolbar</text>
        <Action name="clear" />
      </ToolBar>
     
    </gui>
    

    This is identical to tutorial3ui.rc from tutorial 3 except the name has changed to 'tutorial4'. We do not need to add any information about any of the KStandardActions since the placement of those actions is handled automatically by KDE.

    Explanation

    Okay, now to implement the code that will do the loading and saving. This will all be happening in mainwindow.cpp

    The first thing we do is add fileName(QString()) to the MainWindow constructor list to make sure that fileName is empty right from the beginning.

    Adding the actions

    The first thing we are going to do is provide the outward interface for the user so they can tell the application to load and save. Like with the quit action in tutorial 3, we will use KStandardActions. We add the actions in the same way as for the quit action and, for each one, we connect it to the appropriate slot that we declared in the header file.

    Creating a new document

    The first function we create is the newFile() function.

    void MainWindow::newFile()
    {
      fileName.clear();
      textArea->clear();
    }
    

    fileName.clear() sets the fileName QString to be empty to reflect the fact that this document does not yet have a presence on storage. textArea->clear() then clears the central text area using the same function that we connected the clear KQction to in tutorial 3.

    Warning
    This simple example simply clears the text area without checking if the file has been saved first. It's only meant as a demonstration of file I/O and not as an example of best programming practices.


    Saving a file

    Note
    To make this tutorial simple, this example program can only save to local storage even though it can open any file from any location, even those from remote sources.


    saveFileAs(QString)

    Now we get onto our first file handling code. We're going to implement a function which will save the contents of the text area to the file name given as a parameter. Qt provides a class for safely saving a file called QSaveFile.

    The function's prototype is

    void MainWindow::saveFileAs(const QString &outputFileName)
    

    We then create our QSaveFile object and open it with

    QSaveFile file(outputFileName);
    file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    

    Now that we have our file to write to, we need to format the text in the text area to a format which can be written to file. For this, we create a QByteArray and fill it with the plain text version of whatever is in the text area:

    QByteArray outputByteArray;
    outputByteArray.append(textArea->toPlainText().toUtf8());
    

    Now that we have our QByteArray, we use it to write to the file with QSaveFile::write(). If we were using a normal QFile, this would make the changes immediately. However, if a problem occurred partway through writing, the file would become corrupted. For this reason, QSaveFile works by first writing to a temporary file and then, when you call QSaveFile::commit() the changes are made to the actual file. commit() also closes the file.

    file.write(outputByteArray);
    file.commit();
    

    Finally, we set MainWindows's fileName member to point to the file name we just saved to.

    fileName = outputFileName;
    

    saveFileAs()

    This is the function that the saveAs slot is connected to. It simply calls the generic saveFileAs(QString) function and passes the file name returned by QFileDialog::getSaveFileName().

    void MainWindow::saveFileAs()
    {
      saveFileAs(QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, i18n("Save File As")));
    }
    

    QFileDialog provides a number of static functions for displaying the common file dialog that is used by all KDE applications. Calling QFileDialog::getSaveFileName() will display a dialog where the user can select the name of the file to save to or choose a new name. The function returns the full file name, which we then pass to saveFileAs(QString).

    saveFile()

    void MainWindow::saveFile()
    {
      if(!fileName.isEmpty())
      {
        saveFileAs(fileName);
      }
      else
      {
        saveFileAs();
      }
    }
    

    There's nothing exciting or new in this function, just the logic to decide whether or not to show the save dialog. If fileName is not empty, then the file is saved to fileName. But if it is, then the dialog is shown to allow the user to select a file name.

    Loading a file

    Finally, we get round to being able to load a file, from local storage or from a remote location like an FTP server. The code for this is all contained in MainWindow::openFile().

    First we must ask the user for the name of the file they wish to open. We do this using another one of the QFileDialog functions, this time getOpenFileName():

    QUrl fileNameFromDialog = QFileDialog::getOpenFileUrl(this, i18n("Open File"));
    

    Here we use the QUrl class to handle files from remote locations.

    Then we use the KIO library to retrieve our file. This allows us to open the file normally even if it's stored in a remote location like an FTP site. We make the following call to the KIO::storedGet() function with an argument for the file you wish to open or download:

    KIO::Job* job = KIO::storedGet(fileNameFromDialog);
    

    The function returns a handle to a KIO::Job, which we first connect to our downloadFinished() slot before "running" the job.

    connect(job, SIGNAL(result(KJob*)), this, SLOT(downloadFinished(KJob*)));
    
    job->exec();
    

    The rest of the work happens in the downloadFinished() slot. First, the job is checked for errors. If it failed, we display a message box giving the error. We also make sure to clear the fileName, since the file wasn't opened successfully:

    KMessageBox::error(this, job->errorString());
    fileName.clear();
    

    Otherwise, we continue with opening the file.

    The data that storedGet() successfully downloaded, in this case the contents of our text file, is stored in the data member of a KIO::StoredTransferJob class. But in order to display the contents of the file at text, we must use a QTextStream. We create one by passing the the data of the StoredTransferJob to its constructor and then call its readAll() function to get the text from the file. This is then passed to the setPlainText() function of our text area.

    KIO::StoredTransferJob* storedJob = (KIO::StoredTransferJob*)job;
    textArea->setPlainText(QTextStream(storedJob->data(), QIODevice::ReadOnly).readAll());
    

    {

    Note
    Again, for simplicity's sake, this tutorial only saves text files to local disk. When you open a remote file for viewing and try to save it, the program will behave as if you were calling Save As on a completely new file.


    Make, Install, and Run

    CMakeLists.txt

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
    
    project (tutorial4)
    
    set(QT_MIN_VERSION "5.3.0")
    set(KF5_MIN_VERSION "5.2.0")
    
    find_package(ECM 1.0.0 REQUIRED NO_MODULE)
    set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${ECM_MODULE_PATH} ${ECM_KDE_MODULE_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake)
    
    include(KDEInstallDirs)
    include(KDECMakeSettings)
    include(KDECompilerSettings NO_POLICY_SCOPE)
    include(FeatureSummary)
    
    find_package(Qt5 ${QT_MIN_VERSION} CONFIG REQUIRED COMPONENTS 
        Core    # QCommandLineParser, QStringLiteral, QSaveFile, QTextStream, QByteArray
        Widgets # QApplication, QAction, QFileDialog
    )
    
    find_package(KF5 ${KF5_MIN_VERSION} REQUIRED COMPONENTS
        CoreAddons      # KAboutData
        I18n            # KLocalizedString
        XmlGui          # KXmlGuiWindow, KActionCollection
        TextWidgets     # KTextEdit
        ConfigWidgets   # KStandardActions
        WidgetsAddons   # KMessageBox
        KIO             # KIO
    )
        
    
    feature_summary(WHAT ALL INCLUDE_QUIET_PACKAGES FATAL_ON_MISSING_REQUIRED_PACKAGES)
        
    set(tutorial4_SRCS main.cpp mainwindow.cpp)
    
    add_executable(tutorial4 ${tutorial4_SRCS})
    
    target_link_libraries(tutorial4
        Qt5::Widgets
        KF5::CoreAddons
        KF5::I18n
        KF5::XmlGui
        KF5::TextWidgets
        KF5::ConfigWidgets
        KF5::WidgetsAddons
        KF5::KIOCore
    )
    
    install(TARGETS tutorial4  ${KDE_INSTALL_TARGETS_DEFAULT_ARGS})
    
    install(FILES tutorial4ui.rc DESTINATION ${KDE_INSTALL_KXMLGUI5DIR}/tutorial4)
    

    Since we are now using the KIO library, we must tell CMake to link against it. We do this by passing KIO to the find_package() function and KF5::KIOCore to target_link_libraries() function.

    With this file, the tutorial can be built and run in the same way as tutorial 3. For more information, see tutorial 3.

    mkdir build && cd build
    cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME
    make install
    XDG_DATA_DIRS=$HOME/share:$XDG_DATA_DIRS $HOME/bin/tutorial4
    

    Moving On

    Now you can move on to the command line arguments tutorial.