Archive:Getting Started/Increased Productivity in KDE4 with Scripts (zh CN)

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Getting_Started/Increased Productivity in KDE4 with Scripts


Increasing Your Productivity With Scripts
Tutorial Series   Getting Started
Previous   [[../Build/KDE4]]
What's Next   n/a
Further Reading   Original presentation by David Faure

摘要

时间宝贵。本教程分享了 David Faure 的超人智慧，通过使用一些简单的脚本和技术来开发 KDE 4，这样大大节省了我们的时间和精力。

配置环境

为什么是以用户身份安装，而不是 root？

  • 像 compile+link+install 这些只是一条简单的命令 (或者甚至是你的编辑器中的一个键), 不需要 su/sudo
  • 在构建目录中没有属于 root 文件的风险，只有当某些变化强制 make install 重新编译一些文件才可能发生。
  • 在发生某些错误时会更安全 (例如，使用错误的编译预 profix 选项可能会改写 kde3 系统）
  • make install 比 "make && sudo make install" 更快，因为 Makefiles 文件只解析了一次
  • 在 sudo make install 时不会有连接错误，因为在 root 的环境变量没有 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 记录。并且，配置一次环境已经非常辛苦了，为什么还要为两个用户呢？

配置开发环境

如果你想开一个单独的帐户专门用来开发，请阅读[[../Build/KDE4#Set_up_the_development_user_account|here]]。

但是，为了节省时间和避免许多麻烦，强烈建议使用你经常用的帐户。 你所要做的只是简单地在不同环境之间做一下切换。 你来到 ~/kde/src/4 目录，你想使用 KDE4 环境，不是么？

要实现这个目的，拷贝 http://web.davidfaure.fr/scripts/cd_function 到你的 .zshrc 或者 .bashrc 中，然后，把 http://web.davidfaure.fr/scripts/findup 放到你的路径下 $PATH。

这样，当你进入某个目录，它就会寻找 .my-setup 文件并向上级目录追溯，只到找到 .my-setup（而且它不会在同一方向上找到两次）。

在 ~/kde/src/4/.my-setup 文件中配置好 KDE 4 的所有环境变量 (在本页的后面将会详细介绍)，其他环境也同样做（kde3，和其他任何你需要特别配置环境变量的地方...)。

路径举例

Qt

对于 Qt 而言，自 QT3 时代以来的习惯，同时也为了节省时间，我们尽量避免在一个小变化后就 "make install"，我建议在一个目录下编辑源文件，构建和安装。这可以通过配置 Qt 编译预选项 -prefix=$PWD 完成 Qt with --prefix=$PWD。当然，你并不一定非要这样做。

Qt 的路径：~/qt/4/qt-copy

KDE

在 kde3 中这是可选的，但在 KDE4 中则是必需的：你需要在 source 目录外进行构建，也就是说构建目录和 source 目录必需是分开的。 这样做可以在出现错误后，很方便地重新构建，删除所有生成的文件 - 包括那些 "make clean" 也无法删除老文件。而且也可以更方便地查看源文件（grep，ls 等）。这样就允许在多个构建树下使用不同的配置，例如：debug 和 发布。

  1. Source 路径: ~/kde/src/[version]
  2. Build 路径: ~/kde/build/[version]

因此 kde4 的 source 模块是同步在 ~/kde/src/4/ 而构建是在 ~/kde/build/4/ 中进行的。

环境变量和其他有用的函数

Bash

如果你在使用 bash, 请先阅读 this .bashrc.。这是一个用来设置 KDE4 环境变量和一些有帮助的函数的 bash 配置文件的例子。

下面描述了其中的一些功能并给出了其他可选的函数。

更多了解，请阅读 compiling a KDE module。

目录导航

你可以使用 cs 和 cb 函数来帮你很方便地在源目录和构建目录进行切换，具体操作如下：

pwd 

~/kde/src/4/kdebase

cb && pwd 

~/kde/build/4/kdebase
# 注意如果这个目录不存在将会创建。

cs && pwd 

~/kde/src/4/kdebase

A number of kde-related scripts will have to be able to do the same. Simply do: export OBJ_REPLACEMENT='s#/kde/src/#/kde/build/#' This allows the makeobj script from kdesdk to switch from src to build. If you also do: alias make=makeobj then you can simply type make from the source dir and it will be able to build. This is also very useful in editors - if your vi or emacs uses makeobj as the make command, you can compile with a single key press.

In addition, for fast navigation to other directories, it is very convenient to be able to type "cs 4/kdelibs" in order to go to ~/src/4/kdelibs, from anywhere. For instance, you could be in ~/kde/src/4/kdebase/workspace/kcontrol and now you decide to look at kdecore... No need to type a long series of "../.." or to restart from the top. You can just type cs 4/kdelibs/kdecore.

This is doable via the two functions cs and cb defined in the .bashrc.

Alternative

The following code will enable you to use cd similar to cs described above: export CDPATH=.:~/kde/src The advantage, when using zsh, is that completion even works. Try cd 4/kdemul and press Tab, it will complete to 4/kdemultimedia, no matter where you currently are. Doesn't work in bash though - but surely you're using zsh by now, aren't you? :)

The minimal cs and cb aliases (same as above but without support for arguments) are: alias cb='cd `pwd | sed -e s,/kde/src/,/kde/build/,`' alias cs='cd `pwd | sed -e s,/kde/build/,/kde/src/,`'

Going back to the previous directory

Going back to the previous directory easily can be done with zsh. Set this in .zshrc: setopt AUTO_PUSHD alias p=popd and then you can type "p" to pop back to the directory where you were last, as many times as needed (type "dirs -v" to see the stack of previous directories).

CMake

CMake and subdirs

cd 4/kdelibs/kio/kio ; make => nothing happens, the Makefile is in the parent directory.

Make your editor use a wrapper script instead

  1. !/bin/sh

if test "$1" = "-k"; then shift; fi cmake_in_parent=0 if test -f CMakeLists.txt; then 

   if ! grep -q kde4_add CMakeLists.txt; then
       cmake_in_parent=1
       cd ..
   fi

fi if test $# -gt 0; then 

   arg="$1"
   if test "$arg" != install -a $cmake_in_parent -eq 1; then
       arg=`basename $PWD`/"$arg"
   fi

fi

jvalue=1 echo "calling makeobj -j $jvalue $arg" makeobj -j $jvalue $arg

Get this script: http://web.davidfaure.fr/scripts/makefromemacs.

CMake and dependencies

touch kdecore/kapplication.h
cd kdeui ; make

=> recompiles kdecore first 

touch kdecore/kapplication.h
cd kdeui ; make kdeui/fast

=> recompiles only kdeui 

make install/fast

But note that the normal mode (without /fast) is also useful in other cases: For instance you edit 

kdelibs/kio/kio/kdirmodel.cpp

and the unit test for it 

kdelibs/kio/tests/kdirmodeltest.cpp

Then, to recompile both libkio and the unit test, simply do "make kdirmodeltest" from kdelibs/kio/tests.

List of KDE 4 environment variables

This lists all the environment variables you should set, for instance in $KDESRC/4/.my-setup

Qt

export QTDIR=/d/qt/4/qt-copy export PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

KDE

export KDEDIR=/d/kde/inst/kde4 export PATH=$KDEDIR/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$KDEDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=$KDEDIR/lib/kde4/plugins export KDEDIRS=$KDEDIR

User

export KDEHOME=$HOME/.kde4

Others

export QTEST_COLORED=1 export KDE_COLOR_DEBUG=1

Compiling a KDE module

Manually

If you use the aforementioned ~/.bashrc it is very convenient to compile a KDE module (it is required to already have aquired the source code, e.g. via SVN. see Using Subversion with KDE): cs KDE/kdebase cmakekde

Else you'll have to do the following: mkdir -p ~/build/KDE/kdebase && cd ~/build/KDE/kdebase cmake -DKDE4_BUILD_TESTS=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/kde ~/src/KDE/kdelibs make

Tip
Never delete CMakeCache.txt and then type make; always re-run cmake with the correct options after deleting CMakeCache.txt.


Using kdesvn-build

kdesvn-build is an all-in-one script: it handles the checking-out or updating from subversion, running cmake, make, make install, and storing all output in log files.

Copy kdesvn-buildrc-sample to $KDE_SRC/.kdesvn-buildrc, then edit it. Global options:

  • binpath - don't forget the path to icecream, the PATH env var doesn't count
  • qtdir, svn-server, source-dir, build-dir, kdedir

Per-module options: 

module qt-copy
  # kdesvn-build sets the prefix to $qtdir
  configure-flags [....]
  apply-qt-patches true
  make-options -j3 sub-src sub-tools
end module

module kdelibs
  make-options -DKDE4_BUILD_TESTS=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull
end module

KDE4 programs in KDE3

Xephyr -screen 1240x768 -ac :4 &
export DISPLAY=:4
sh -x startkde 2>&1 | tee kde4.log

>./list-kde4-binaries
/d/kde/inst/kde4/bin/kwin, pid 6756
/d/kde/inst/kde4/bin/kpersonalizer, pid 6757

>./kill-kde4-binaries
Killing /d/kde/inst/kde4/bin/kwin, pid 6756
Killing /d/kde/inst/kde4/bin/kpersonalizer, pid 6757

You can get the scripts list-kde4-binaries and kill-kde4-binaries from http://web.davidfaure.fr/scripts/ v

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