Development/Tutorials/Using KXmlGuiWindow/pt-br

Como usar a KXmlGuiWindow

Tutorial Series	Tutorial para Iniciantes
Previous	Tutorial 1 - Hello World
What's Next	Tutorial 3 - QActions and XMLGUI
Further Reading	KXmlGuiWindow

Resumo

Este tutorial incrementa o First Program Tutorial e apresentará a classe KXmlGuiWindow.

No tutorial anterior, o programa fez aparecer uma caixa de diálogo, mas vamos dar passos no sentido de um aplicativo em funcional.

KXmlGuiWindow

KXmlGuiWindow provides a full main window view with menubars, toolbars, a statusbar and a main area in the centre for a large widget. For example, the help-menu is predefined. Most KDE applications will derive from this class as it provides an easy way to define menu and toolbar layouts through XML files (this technology is called XMLGUI and is part of the KF5::XmlGui framework). While we will not be using XMLGUI in this tutorial, we will use it in the next.

In order to have a useful KXmlGuiWindow, we must subclass it. So we create two files, a mainwindow.cpp and a mainwindow.h which will contain our code.

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
 
#include <KXmlGuiWindow>

class KTextEdit;
 
class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow
{
  public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
 
  private:
    KTextEdit* textArea;
};
 
#endif

First we subclass KXmlGuiWindow with class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow then we declare the constructor with MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);.

And finally, we declare a pointer to the object that will make up the bulk of our program. KTextEdit is a generic rich text editing widget with some niceties like cursor auto-hiding.

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"

#include <KTextEdit>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KXmlGuiWindow(parent)
{
  textArea = new KTextEdit();
  setCentralWidget(textArea);
  setupGUI();
}

First, of course, we have to include the header file containing the class declaration.

We initialise our text editor with an object and use KXmlGuiWindow's built-in setCentralWidget() function on it which tells the KXmlGuiWindow what should appear in the central section of the window.

Finally, KXmlGuiWindow::setupGUI() is called which does a lot of behind-the-scenes stuff and creates the default menu bars (Settings, Help).

Back to main.cpp

In order to actually run this window, we need to add a few lines in main.cpp:

main.cpp

#include <cstdlib>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QCommandLineParser>
#include <KAboutData>
#include <KLocalizedString>
#include "mainwindow.h"
 
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);
    KLocalizedString::setApplicationDomain("tutorial2");
    
    KAboutData aboutData(
                         // The program name used internally. (componentName)
                         QStringLiteral("tutorial2"),
                         // A displayable program name string. (displayName)
                         i18n("Tutorial 2"),
                         // The program version string. (version)
                         QStringLiteral("1.0"),
                         // Short description of what the app does. (shortDescription)
                         i18n("A simple text area"),
                         // The license this code is released under
                         KAboutLicense::GPL,
                         // Copyright Statement (copyrightStatement = QString())
                         i18n("(c) 2015"),
                         // Optional text shown in the About box.
                         // Can contain any information desired. (otherText)
                         i18n("Some text..."),
                         // The program homepage string. (homePageAddress = QString())
                         QStringLiteral("http://example.com/"),
                         // The bug report email address
                         // (bugsEmailAddress = QLatin1String("[email protected]")
                         QStringLiteral("[email protected]"));
    aboutData.addAuthor(i18n("Name"), i18n("Task"), QStringLiteral("[email protected]"),
                         QStringLiteral("http://your.website.com"), QStringLiteral("OSC Username"));
    KAboutData::setApplicationData(aboutData);
 
    QCommandLineParser parser;
    aboutData.setupCommandLine(&parser);
    parser.process(app);
    aboutData.processCommandLine(&parser);
    
    MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
    window->show();
    
    return app.exec();
}

Again, we include our new header file in order to create our MainWindow object which we then display.

CMake

The best way to build the program is to use CMake. We add mainwindow.cpp to the sources list, include the XmlGui and TextWidgets (for KTextEdit) frameworks, and replace all tutorial1 text to tutorial2.

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)

project (tutorial2)

set(QT_MIN_VERSION "5.3.0")
set(KF5_MIN_VERSION "5.2.0")

find_package(ECM 1.0.0 REQUIRED NO_MODULE)
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${ECM_MODULE_PATH} ${ECM_KDE_MODULE_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake)

include(KDEInstallDirs)
include(KDECMakeSettings)
include(KDECompilerSettings NO_POLICY_SCOPE)
include(FeatureSummary)

find_package(Qt5 ${QT_MIN_VERSION} CONFIG REQUIRED COMPONENTS 
    Core    # QCommandLineParser, QStringLiteral
    Widgets # QApplication 
)

find_package(KF5 ${KF5_MIN_VERSION} REQUIRED COMPONENTS
    CoreAddons      # KAboutData
    I18n            # KLocalizedString
    XmlGui          # KXmlGuiWindow
    TextWidgets     # KTextEdit
)

feature_summary(WHAT ALL INCLUDE_QUIET_PACKAGES FATAL_ON_MISSING_REQUIRED_PACKAGES)
    
set(tutorial2_SRCS main.cpp mainwindow.cpp)

add_executable(tutorial2 ${tutorial2_SRCS})

target_link_libraries(tutorial2
    Qt5::Widgets
    KF5::CoreAddons
    KF5::I18n
    KF5::XmlGui
    KF5::TextWidgets
)

install(TARGETS tutorial2  ${KDE_INSTALL_TARGETS_DEFAULT_ARGS})

Compile and run

The best way to compile, link and run it is to set up a correct build environment. But for a simple tutorial like this, it's enough to just create a build directory and build from there. This command takes cafe of all of that in one line:

mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make && ./tutorial2

Moving On

Now you can move on to Using Actions.