Archive:Development/Tutorials/Using KParts (zh CN): Difference between revisions
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=== main.cpp === | === main.cpp === | ||
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#include <KApplication> | #include <KApplication> | ||
#include <KAboutData> | #include <KAboutData> | ||
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=== mainwindow.h === | === mainwindow.h === | ||
< | <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt"> | ||
#ifndef KPARTTUTORIAL1_H | #ifndef KPARTTUTORIAL1_H | ||
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=== mainwindow.cpp === | === mainwindow.cpp === | ||
< | <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt"> | ||
#include "mainwindow.h" | #include "mainwindow.h" |
Revision as of 20:31, 29 June 2011
Development/Tutorials/Using_KParts
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Tutorial Series | 插件和KParts |
Previous | 教程五 -命令行参数 |
What's Next | n/a |
Further Reading | KParts文档 |
介绍
KPart技术是KDE用来重用图形界面组件的。出现的优势在于它预定义了工具条和一些相应动作(actions)。开发人员可以用KParts来实现一些文字编辑器和命令行功能,从而减少开发时间,例如在应用程序中使用KatePart或Konsolepart。 KParts同时采用插件技术,一个应用可以内嵌在另一个里面,就像PIM之于Kontact。
本教程讲述如何在你的程序中使用KPart, 如何创建你自己的KPart.
使用Katepart
简单的KDE应用程序直接从KMainWindow继承一个MainWindow(见前叙教程)。如要使用KPart,那MainWindow必须从KParts::MainWindow集成下来。这个类会管理所有KPart的工具栏,菜单的集成。
下面代码创建一个有KPart的KParts::MainWindow。
main.cpp
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
- include <KApplication>
- include <KAboutData>
- include <KCmdLineArgs>
- include <KUrl>
- include "mainwindow.h"
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
KAboutData aboutData( "kparttutorial1", "kparttutorial1", ki18n("KPart Tutorial 1"), "0.1", ki18n("A MainWindow for a KatePart."), KAboutData::License_GPL, ki18n("Copyright (c) 2007 Developer") ); KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData ); KCmdLineOptions options; options.add("+[file]", ki18n("Document to open")); KCmdLineArgs::addCmdLineOptions(options); KApplication app; MainWindow* window = new MainWindow(); window->show();
KCmdLineArgs *args = KCmdLineArgs::parsedArgs(); if(args->count()) { window->load(args->url(0).url()); }
return app.exec();
}
这个main.cpp文件和教程五-命令行参数里用的一样。唯一的不同就是KAboutData的一些具体内容。
mainwindow.h
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
- ifndef KPARTTUTORIAL1_H
- define KPARTTUTORIAL1_H
- include <kparts/mainwindow.h>
/**
* This is the application "Shell". It has a menubar, toolbar, and * statusbar but relies on the "Part" to do all the real work. * * @short Application Shell * @author Developer <[email protected]> * @version 0.1 */
class MainWindow : public KParts::MainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
public:
/** * 缺省构造函数。 */ MainWindow();
/** * 缺省析构函数。 */ virtual ~MainWindow();
/** * 用于加载文件或URL。 */ void load(const KUrl& url);
/** * 显示打开URL的对话框,加载输入的URL。 */ void load();
private:
void setupActions();
private:
KParts::ReadWritePart *m_part;
};
- endif // KPARTTUT1_H
mainwindow.h文件很简单。注意这里MainWindow类从KParts::MainWindow继承而来。
mainwindow.cpp
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp-qt">
- include "mainwindow.h"
- include <kaction.h>
- include <kactioncollection.h>
- include <kconfig.h>
- include <kedittoolbar.h>
- include <kfiledialog.h>
- include <kshortcutsdialog.h>
- include <klibloader.h>
- include <kmessagebox.h>
- include <kstandardaction.h>
- include <kstatusbar.h>
- include <kurl.h>
- include <QApplication>
MainWindow::MainWindow()
: KParts::MainWindow( )
{
// 设置定制动作(actions) setupActions();
//加载定制,本地Part的例行调用。 KLibFactory *factory = KLibLoader::self()->factory("katepart"); if (factory) { // Part已被加载,我们把它转换到我们要的,并通过它来进一步操作 m_part = static_cast<KParts::ReadWritePart *> (factory->create(this, "KatePart" ));
if (m_part) { // 告诉KParts::MainWindow,这是个主widget setCentralWidget(m_part->widget());
setupGUI(ToolBar | Keys | StatusBar | Save);
//将part的GUI与shell继承 createGUI(m_part); } } else { // 如果找不到Part, 我们就退出,因为Shell也干不了什么了 KMessageBox::error(this, "Could not find our Part!"); qApp->quit(); // 从这里退出,qApp->quit()只是说下次进入循环的时候退出... return; }
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow() {}
void MainWindow::load(const KUrl& url) {
m_part->openUrl( url );
}
void MainWindow::setupActions() {
KStandardAction::open(this, SLOT(fileOpen()), actionCollection()); KStandardAction::quit(qApp, SLOT(closeAllWindows()), actionCollection());
}
void MainWindow::load() {
load(KFileDialog::getOpenUrl());
}
mainwindow.cpp文件有MainWindow的实现。它的构造函数包含所有加载KPart的代码。
首先设置主窗口所使用的actions(打开,退出),然后设置图形界面元素(如工具栏,菜单项,键盘快捷键)。下一步就是加载KPart的标准代码了。createGUI方法负责把KPart的工具栏,菜单和程序其他部分集成起来。
kparttut1ui.rc
<!DOCTYPE kpartgui SYSTEM "kpartgui.dtd">
<kpartgui name="kparttut1" version="1">
<MenuBar>
<Menu noMerge="1" name="file"><text>&File</text>
<Action name="file_open"/>
<Separator/>
<Merge/>
<Separator/>
<Action name="file_quit"/>
</Menu>
<Merge />
</MenuBar>
<ToolBar noMerge="1" name="mainToolBar"><text>Main Toolbar</text>
<Action name="file_open"/>
<Merge/>
</ToolBar>
</kpartgui>
kparttut1ui.rc文件用来定义Part中的动作(Action)如何于主窗口的动作(Action)合并起来。这些<Merge /> element in the file menu for example indicates that any part containing actions in a file menu should list its parts在file_open action之后以及file_quit action之前.
CMakeLists.txt
project(kparttut1)
FIND_PACKAGE(KDE4 REQUIRED)
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} . )
set(kparttut1_SRCS
main.cpp
mainwindow.cpp
)
kde4_add_executable(kparttut1 ${kparttut1_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(kparttut1 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS} ${KDE4_KPARTS_LIBS})
- install files ###############
install(TARGETS kparttut1 DESTINATION ${BIN_INSTALL_DIR} )
install( FILES kparttut1ui.rc
DESTINATION ${DATA_INSTALL_DIR}/kparttut1 )
这里,CMakeLists.txt文件很简单。
运行
编译后,用下列方式连接,安装:
cmake . && make -j4 && make install
可以这样执行:
kparttut1 filename
文件名filename就是要加在的文本文件。源代码文件也可以。
文件加载后,你就有了一个全功能的Kate编辑器运行在你的程序窗口里。所有Kate编辑器的功能在工具栏和菜单里都有。
You will notice that the 'Open' action you defined in the MainWindow class has also appeared in the toolbar and in the menu along with the 'Quit' action.
下一个教程会讲述如何在应用程序里使用,重用你创建的KPart。