Development/Tutorials/Using Qt Designer (de)

Development/Tutorials/Using Qt Designer

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Zusammenfassung

In dieser Anleitung wird erklärt, wie man die eigenen KDE Projekte mit Benutzerschnittschnellen (UIs) ausstattet, indem man den Qt Designer benutzt.

Das UI entwerfen

Qt Designer ist ein graphischer Editor, der es einem auf einfache Art und Weise ermöglicht, Benutzerschnittstellen per "drag and drop" zu entwerfen. Der Designer hat seine eigene Benutzeranleitung. Es könnte sinnvoll sein, ein kurzes Anwendungsbeispiel in diesem Kapitel zu zeigen, zur Zeit verweisen wir jedoch auf die o.g. Benutzeranleitung.

Adding the UI File to Your KDE Project

For our purposes, the most important part of using Designer is the *.ui file that it creates. This is simply an XML file that encodes the user interface in a machine-readable (and human-readable!) way.

Let's imagine that you've created a UI named "MyDialog" with Designer, and saved it as the file mydialog.ui. To add this UI to your KDE project, simply add a command like the following to your CMakeLists.txt file:

kde4_add_ui_files(myapp_SRCS mydialog.ui)

Replace "myapp_SRCS" with the name of the main block in your CMakeLists.txt file, defining all of the source code files. It is usually the name of your application, with "_SRCS" appended.

When you do this, the build system will run the Qt program uic on mydialog.ui, to auto-generate a C++ header file that defines the UI. The generated file will be named ui_mydialog.h.

Using the UI in Your Code

The ui_mydialog.h file defines a class named "Ui_MyDialog", that contains all of the widgets you created in Designer as public members of the class. It also contains the public function "setupUi(QWidget *parent)", which instantiates all of the widgets, sets up their properties, and inserts them into layout managers, all according to what you specified in Designer.

Note that setupUi() takes a QWidget* argument. This argument represents the parent container widget, into which all of the widgets in your UI will be inserted. In other words, Ui_MyDialog is not itself derived from QWidget, and it does not contain a toplevel widget itself. You have to supply the toplevel widget when you call setupUi(). This is an important point.

One more important semantic detail: the Ui_MyDialog class also creates a Ui namespace, which simply creates an alias for the class. So you can use Ui::MyDialog to refer to the same class.

Now, on to actually using the generated UI in your code. The Qt documentation shows three ways of how to use ui-files; here only the direct approach is discussed. The goal is to create a KDialog which embeds the UI from the ui-file. First, we have to subclass MyDialog from KDialog and add a member variable of type Ui::MyDialog. The header file of "mydialog.h" looks like the following:

1. ifndef MYDIALOG_H
2. define MYDIALOG_H

1. include <KDialog>

// include the automatically generated header file for the ui-file

1. include "ui_mydialog.h"

class MyDialog : public KDialog {

   Q_OBJECT
   public:
       MyDialog( QWidget *parent=0 );
       ~MyDialog();

   private slots:
       void slotButtonClicked();

   private:
       // accessor to the ui. we can access all gui elements
       // specified in Designer. If mydialog.ui contains a
       // button "myButton", we will be able to access it
       // with ui.myButton in the cpp file.
       Ui::MyDialog ui;

};

1. endif

Now we are going to look at the implementation of MyDialog, which is in the file "mydialog.cpp".

1. include <KLocale>
2. include <KMessageBox>

// include the header file of the dialog

1. include "mydialog.h"

MyDialog::MyDialog( QWidget *parent )

KDialog( parent )

{

   QWidget *widget = new QWidget( this );

   // create the user interface, the parent widget is "widget"
   ui.setupUi(widget); // this is the important part

   // set the widget with all its gui elements as the dialog's
   // main widget
   setMainWidget( widget );

   // other KDialog options
   setCaption( i18n("This is my Dialog window!") );
   setButtons( KDialog::Close );

   // Example Signal/Slot connection using widgets in your UI.
   // Note that you have to prepend "ui." when referring
   // to your UI elements.
   connect( ui.myButton, SIGNAL( clicked() ),
            this, SLOT( slotButtonClicked() ) );

}

MyDialog::~MyDialog() { }

void MyDialog::slotButtonClicked() {

   KMessageBox::information( this, 
                             i18n("You pressed the button!" ),
                             i18n( "Hooray!" ) );

}

1. include "mydialog.moc"

So, basically, we create a new Ui::MyDialog and then call ui.setupUi(widget) in the constructor of MyDialog. This places the UI elements into the given widget. Then we set the parent-widget as the KDialog's main widget. We can then interact with all of the UI elements by prepending "ui." to their names, just like it is often done with the prefix "m_".

Final Thoughts

The cascade of files and classes in this tutorial may seem daunting at first, but the naming scheme layed out here has one nice intuitive feature: the source code files that you will be editing directly (either as text or with Designer) are all named with the same scheme:

• mydialog.ui: the user interface, created with Designer
• ui_mydialog.h: auto-generated by uic, Qt's user interface compiler
• mydialog.h/cpp: the dialog implementation

The steps in short are

1. create mydialog.ui
2. create mydialog.h/cpp
3. add variable Ui::MyDialog ui; in mydialog.h
4. call ui.setupUi(widget);
5. access the ui elements with ui.

Qt Documentation

The Qt documentation contains a good article about Using a Component in Your Application.