Development/Tutorials/Using KActions

How To Use KActions and XmlGui

Tutorial Series	Beginner Tutorial
Previous	Tutorial 2 - KMainWindow, Basic XML knowledge
What's Next	Tutorial 4 - KConfig
Further Reading	None

Abstract

We're going to introduce the concept of actions. Actions are a unified way of supplying the user with ways to interact with your program.

Say, for example, we want to let the user clear the text box by clicking a button in the toolbar, from an option in the File menu or through a keyboard shortcut; we can provide all of those through one KAction.

KAction

A KAction is an object which contains all the information about the icon and shortcuts you want associated to a certain action. You then connect the action to a slot which carries out the work of you action.

Creating Your Own

To create an action, you need to #include <KAction> in your .cpp file.

Creating the object

We're going to create an action which will clear the text area (see Tutorial 2). The KAction is built up in a number of steps. The first is creating the KAction KAction* clearAction = new KAction(actionCollection(), "clear"); This creates a KAction called clearAction. The first constructor argument is telling the action that it is part of the KActionCollection actionCollection() and the second is simply setting a name for internal use (it doesn't necessarily have to be textually similar to the function of the action).

Text

Now we have our KAction object, we can start setting its properties. First, we'll set the text that will be displayed in the menu and under its icon in the toolbar. clearAction->setText(i18n("Clear")); As you can see, the text must be passed through the i18n() function if you want your UI to be translatable.

Icon

If you're going to display the action in a toolbar, you're going to want to have an icon depicting the action. To set an icon we simply use the setIcon() function thus: clearAction->setIcon(KIcon("filenew")); Here we're setting the icon to the standard KDE filenew icon.

Shortcut

We can also set a shortcut that will perform our action. It's as simple as a clearAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL+Qt::Key_W); to set Ctrl+W to be associated to this action.

Connecting the action

Now our action is fully set up, we need to connect it to something useful. We're going to connect our action to the clear() action belonging to a KTextArea. connect( clearAction, SIGNAL( triggered(bool) ),

        textArea, SLOT( clear() ) );

This is the same as it would be done in Qt with a QAction.

KStandardAction

For actions which would likely appear in almost every KDE application such as 'quit', 'save', and 'load' there are pre-created convenience KActions, accessed through KStandardAction.

They are very simple to use. Once you've done #include <KStandardAction>, you simply need to supply it with what you want the function to do and which KActionCollection to add it to. For example, KStandardAction::quit(kapp, SLOT(quit()), actionCollection()); Will Create a KAction with the correct icon, text and shortcut and will even add it to the File menu.

The Code

mainwindow.h

1. ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
2. define MAINWINDOW_H

1. include <KMainWindow>
2. include <KTextEdit>

class MainWindow : public KMainWindow {

 public:
   MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);

 private:
   KTextEdit* textArea;
   void setupActions();

};

1. endif

mainwindow.cpp

1. include "mainwindow.h"

1. include <KApplication>
2. include <KAction>
3. include <KStandardAction>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)

   : KMainWindow(parent)

{

 textArea = new KTextEdit;
 setCentralWidget(textArea);

 setupActions();

}

void MainWindow::setupActions() {

 KAction* clearAction = new KAction(actionCollection(),
                                    "clear");
 clearAction->setText(i18n("Clear"));
 clearAction->setIcon(KIcon("filenew"));
 clearAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL+Qt::Key_W);
 connect(clearAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), 
         textArea, SLOT(clear()));

 KStandardAction::quit(kapp, SLOT(quit()),
                       actionCollection());

 setupGUI();

}

main.cpp

1. include <KApplication>
2. include <KAboutData>
3. include <KCmdLineArgs>

1. include "mainwindow.h"

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {

 KAboutData aboutData( "tutorial3", "Tutorial 3",
     "1.0", "A simple text area using KAction etc.",
     KAboutData::License_GPL, "(c) 2006" );
 KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData );
 KApplication app;

 MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
 window->show();
 return app.exec();

}

Putting the actions in the menus and toolbars

Now, at the moment, we've only created our new "Clear" action. It won't yet show up in the menus or in the toolbars. To tell the program where to put our actions (and to allow the end-user to move them around) we use a KDE technology called XmlGui.

XmlGui

Warning

This section needs improvements: Please help us to

cleanup confusing sections and fix sections which contain a todo

Mention that it will be replaced by liveui

When you call setupGUI() in your KMainWindow class, it calls the XmlGui system which reads an XML file description of your interface (which we will create in a minute) and creates the buttons and menus appropriately.

Now obviously XmlGui needs to know which file is your description file, i.e. it needs to know its name and location. The rule for the naming is the file should be called appnameui.rc (where appname is the name you set in KAboutData), so in our example, the file will be called tutorial3ui.rc. Where the file will be located is handled by CMake.

Writing your appnameui.rc File

Since the description of our UI is being defined with XML, the layout of the description must follow strict rules. We won't go through all the rules in this tutorial but for more information, see the _detailed_XmlGui_page_ (once we have a full explanation of XmlGui (or possibly liveui if that's done soon :)) on the wiki, I'll link it up).

Warning

This section needs improvements: Please help us to

cleanup confusing sections and fix sections which contain a todo

Walk through what the code below means

tutorial3ui.rc

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <kcfg xmlns="http://www.kde.org/standards/kcfg/1.0"

     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.kde.org/standards/kcfg/1.0
                         http://www.kde.org/standards/kcfg/1.0/kcfg.xsd" >
 <ToolBar name="mainToolBar" >
   <text>Main Toolbar</text>
   <Action name="clear" />
 </ToolBar>
 <MenuBar>
   <Menu name="file" >
     <text>&File</text>
     <Action name="clear" />
   </Menu>
 </MenuBar>

</kcfg>

CMake

Now that we're using XmlGui, we need to put the tutorial3ui.rc somewhere where KDE can find it. This means we need to install our project somewhere.

CMakeLists.txt

PROJECT(tutorial3)

FIND_PACKAGE(KDE4 REQUIRED) INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} )

SET(tutorial3_SRCS

 main.cpp
 mainwindow.cpp

)

KDE4_ADD_EXECUTABLE(tutorial3 ${tutorial3_SRCS})

TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES( tutorial3 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})

install(TARGETS tutorial3 DESTINATION ${BIN_INSTALL_DIR}) install( FILES tutorial3ui.rc DESTINATION ${DATA_INSTALL_DIR}/tutorial3 )

Make, Install And Run

If you don't have write access to where your KDE4 installation directory, you can install it to a folder in your home directory.

To tell CMake where to install the program, set the DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX switch. So to install the program to the KDE directory, do

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$KDEDIR
make install
tutorial3

Though, if you just want to install it somewhere local for testing (it's probably a bit silly to go to the effort of installing these tutorials to your KDE directory) you can do something like

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/user/kdetmp

which will create a KDE-like directory structure under ~/kdetmp

Moving On

Now that we can make the GUI look like and do whatever we want, we can move on to storing application settings with KConfig XT.