Getting Started/Sources/Subversion (de)

Getting Started/Sources/Using Subversion with KDE

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Subversion mit KDE benutzen

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Zusammenfassung

Der folgende Text ist eine schnelle kde-spezifische Einführung, wie man Subversion benutzt, um auf Dateien und Software im KDE Repository zuzugreifen. Für einen vollständigen Überblick über die Fähigkeiten von Subversion verweisen wir auf das Buch "Version Control with Subversion (englisch)".

Am Anfang

Um das KDE Subversion Repository benutzen zu können, benötigen Sie zwei Dinge:

1. Ein Subversion Client Programm
2. Einen Zugang zu unserem Repository

Beachte: Für einen anonymen nur-lesen Zugriff benutzen Sie das Protokoll "svn", kein "yourname@" den Server "anonsvn.kde.org" statt dem unten genannten.

Subversion installieren: Eine Anleitung zur Installtion des Client Programms wird hier nicht gegeben. Sehen Sie in den Installtionsanleitungen Ihres Systems nach, um herauszufinden, wie man Subversion installiert. Sie benötigen mindesten Version 1.1. Wenn Sie Subversion selber compilieren und Sie auf das Repository per https (und nicht über svn+ssh) zugreifen wollen, benötigen Sie SSL und ZLIB Unterstützung und müssen daher die --with-ssl --with-zlib Option übergeben.

Alternativ können Sie auch einen der zahlreich vefügbaren graphischen Clients installieren. Diese Anleitung wendet sich an personen, die nur das svn Programm benutzen und bezieht sich dabei auf Dinge die mit dem alten cvs Programm erledigt wurden.

Ein Benutzerkonto bekommen: Hatten Sie vorher ein CVS Benutzerkonto, wurde dieses zum neuen Subversion Client migriert. Wenn nicht, sehen Sie in der entsprechenden Anleitung nach, wie man eines bekommt.

noframe

Wenn Sie ihr CVS Passwort verloren haben, gibt es einfache Wege, dieses zu ermitteln. Benutzen Sie cvspwd.c pder cvs-unscramble (Perl).

Anmerkung

Die Struktur des KDE Repository

svn.kde.org/home/kde

ist die Adresse des KDE Subversion Repositorys. Das Repository wird über das HTTPS oder SVN-SSH Protokoll angesrochen, was bedeutet, dass Ihr Passwort sicher gegenüber Abhörversuche dritter ist.

Der SSL certificate md5 fingerprint für die Repositorys ist:

F6BF EDE2 D016 D1B2   4F18 742E 2C8F B7EF

Der SSL certificate sha1 fingerprint für die Repositorys ist:

e1:e6:41:96:3c:eb:ae:78:e2:73:0d:a2:32:2f:6b:21:13:bf:3d:0f

Für Personen, die svn+ssh benutzen ist hier der Fingerprint des RSA Schlüssels des Servers:

86:f3:66:06:20:74:81:d0:1b:b4:2f:25:03:f7:8e:fb

Das Repository ist in Hauptverzeichnisse organisiert:

1. /branches
2. /tags
3. /trunk

Man kann das Repository durchforgsten über http://websvn.kde.org/

Das Unterverzeichnis /trunk

The /trunk top-level subdirectory is where the main development for KDE occurs. What you will find here is what will become the next KDE release, and its associated programs. Here you will also find the www module, which contains webpages for KDE's site and related ones.

/trunk is further subdivided into these sub-directories:

• KDE/
  KDE itself, what will become the next public release. It contains the following modules:
  • kdelibs - KDE basic libraries, used by all KDE programs
  • kdebase - KDE base programs, like the KDE Control Center, Kicker (the panel) and Konqueror (the web browser)
  • kdeaccessibility - Accessibility files
  • kdeadmin - KDE Administration applications
  • kdeartwork - Images, themes, sounds and other art files
  • kdebindings - Bindings for languages other than C++
  • kdeedu - KDE Educational applications
  • kdegames - KDE Games
  • kdegraphics - KDE Graphical applications
  • kdemultimedia - KDE Multimedia applications
  • kdenetwork - KDE Networking applications
  • kdepim - KDE Personal Information Management applications
  • kdepimlibs - Libraries used by KDE-PIM applications.
  • kdesdk - KDE Software Development Kit applications
  • kdetoys - KDE toy applications
  • kdeutils - KDE General utilities
  • kdevelop - The KDevelop program
  • kdevplatform - The development platform which KDevelop is based on
  • kdewebdev - KDE Web development applications
• kde-common

Common admin/ directory

• bugs/

Bugzilla files

• developer.kde.org/

The content of developer.kde.org

• extragear/

KDE programs outside the main KDE releases.

• kdereview/

Temporary home for KDE applications that are believed to have reached release-quality. From here, once all major issues are resolved, applications are moved either to /trunk/KDE/ or to /trunk/extragear/

• kdesupport/

Supporting applications and libraries for KDE

• koffice/
  The KDE Office suite, containing the programs:
  • karbon
  • kchart
  • kexi
  • kformula
  • kivio
  • koshell
  • kplato
  • kpresenter
  • krita
  • kspread
  • kugar
  • kword
• konstruct/

Konstruct, the KDE build program

• l10n-kde3/

Translations for the "unstable" modules of KDE 3 (extragear, playground)

• l10n-kde4/

Translations for KDE 4

• playground/

The KDE playground: applications being developed, but not having yet reached release-quality.

• qt-copy/

The convenience copy of Trolltech's Qt library, which KDE is based upon.

• tests/

khtml, KOffice and ksvg testcases

• valgrind/

The Valgrind application, which is hosted on the KDE repository, but that is not part of KDE itself. Note that newer versions of Valgrind are developed on their own repository. The KDE Valgrind modules only holds up to Valgrind 2.4.

• www/

Webpages for the KDE site (and related sites). Write access to this directory is restricted.

Das Unterverzeichnis /tags

This directory contains the official releases of the programs maintained and developed in the KDE repository. Each individual application has a subdirectory here. Inside it, you will find the release numbers.

For instance, the KDE 3.4.0 code can be found under /tags/KDE/3.4.0/.

Das Unterverzeichnis /branches

This directory contains the branch versions of the applications after a major release.

Most KDE applications adhere to the philosphy that new features (as well as new user-visible strings) are added only to the next release cycle — the one that lives in /trunk/. However, bugfixes are applied to all applications, even after release.

In order to do that, a branch is created at the moment of the release, indicating the state of the files at that time. Bugfixes are then checked in to those files. Those branches are the ones in /branches/.

For instance, the KDE 3.4.x branch can be found under /branches/KDE/3.4/

The subdirectories you will find inside /branches are the application subdirs, like akregator/, amarok/, arts/, k3b/, etc. You will also find a KDE/ subdir, containing the official KDE releases since time immemorial.

One special subdir is found in /branches: work/. This subdir contains the so-called "work branches", that is, branches containing features being worked on, sometimes highly experimental. Multi-application work branches always are checked in to /branches/work/, but single-application branches may be found in each application's subdir. That is a decision left to the developers.

Auschecken und Aktualisieren

Auschecken

In order to check out something with Subversion, you use the checkout subcommand.

WARNING: If you checkout trunk/KDE/ or branches/KDE/foo/ you will download complete kde-i18n!

Suppose you wanted to check out only KDevelop from the KDE repository. You would do:

CVS command:

cvs -d :pserver:[email protected]:/home/kde login
cvs -d :pserver:[email protected]:/home/kde checkout kdevelop

Subversion command:

CVS users currently using ssh access, should use protocol svn+ssh, CVS users currently using password access, should use protocol https in the following.

svn checkout <protocol>://<username>@svn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/KDE/kdevelop

Aktualisieren

In order to update, you use the update subcommand.

This is no different from CVS: you change into your checked out copy (for those new to this whole process, the checked out copy should be in your Home folder) and issue a svn update (or, shorter, svn up) command.

Den Status einer Datei ermitteln

To know which local files you had modified, in CVS most people did

cvs up

and looked at the files with M, this does not work with svn so you have to do

svn status

to know the status of the files.

Ins Repository hochladen

Just like in CVS, committing to the Subversion repository is accomplished with the commit or checkin (ci for short) subcommands.

CVS command:

cvs commit
# or
cvs ci
# or
cvs ci filename.cpp

Subversion command:

svn commit
# or
svn ci
# or
svn ci filename.cpp

This way, svn will launch the editor specified in $SVN_EDITOR for you to compose the commit message. If you prefer, you can give svn the -m oprtion with your full message:

svn ci -m "Updating protocol to conform to HTTP/1.1"

Dateien ignorieren

Subversion stores ignored files per directory. To edit the ignored files of the directory you are currently in, do

 svn propedit svn:ignore .

that will launch your editor, write there the names of the files you want to ignore, one file per line. Once you are done, do a commit so the ignored list file gets updated on the server.

A lot of files were ignored in CVS with help from global ignore list which is not supported yet by SVN. You can wait for svn 1.3 or you need to add the ignore list to the [miscellany] group in your ~/.subversion/config (all in one line):

global-ignores = *.o *.lo *.la .*.rej *.rej .*~ *~ .#* #*# .DS_Store *.moc
*.moc.cc *.moc.cpp config.log config.status config.cache *.gmo .deps .libs
SunWS_cache *.lo *.la *.rpo *.la.closure *_la_closure.cpp *_la_closure.cc
*_la_closure.cxx *.all_cc.cc *.all_cpp.cpp *.all_C.C *.all_cxx.cxx
*_meta_unload.cc *_meta_unload.h *_meta_unload.cpp *_meta_unload.C
*_meta_unload.cxx index.cache.bz2 .memdump Makefile.rules.in Makefile.calls.in
Makefile.rules Makefile.calls autom4te.cache *.kidl

Working with multiple revisions and branches

Unlike CVS, Subversion doesn't generate a revision number for each file modified. Instead, the full repository is versioned, as a whole. This way, a given revision number represents the state the repository was on a given date. In other words, a revision number is like a timestamp (in fact, the Subversion server uses this fact to search for dates in the repository faster).

So, for instance, when you check out the KDE repository, Subversion will tell you the following:

Updated to revision 403821.

This means that the latest revision available at the time of the operation was 403821. If you make a modification and commit, Subversion will update the server-side revision and will inform you of it. Like CVS, only the committed files will be updated: you will need run cvs up to update the rest of the files.

If you want to retrieve a specific revision of a file, you can use the -r switch. Besides the revision number itself, -r accepts a number of other possibilities:

• The revision number: for example, use -r 403819 to retrieve that version
• BASE: the revision you updated to
• COMMITTED: the revision a file was last modified, before BASE
• PREV: the revision of the previous commit to the file before COMMITTED
• HEAD: the most recent revision available in the server
• { date }: between curly brackets, you can specify a date for searching the closest revisions

The following illustrates the evolution of the keywords:

1. You run svn up to update to the latest available revision. Suppose Subversion tells you it updated to revision 403821. This means that HEAD and BASE are 403821.
2. You modify file README and commit it. Suppose Subversion tells you it committed revision 403822. This means HEAD, BASE and COMMITTED are 403822.
3. You modify the file again and commit it. Now PREV is 403822, but HEAD, BASE and COMMITTED are updated to a new value (suppose it's 403823).
4. Now someone else modifies the repository, and you update your working copy. If Subversion tells you it updated to 403824, this means now HEAD and BASE are moved to 403824 (but PREV and COMMITTED stay the same)
5. If someone modifies the README file now, HEAD is moved. The other keywords stay the same for you, until you update. At this time, we will have HEAD = 403825 (the latest available revision), BASE = 403824 (the revision you last updated to), COMMITTED = 403823 (the revision of the latest change to the file when you last updated) and PREV = 403822 (the revision of the change before COMMITTED)

Those keywords are useful to retrieve logs and diffs for commits to the repository.

If you want to see the difference between your working copy and BASE, you can run:

svn diff

This is a very fast operation, since Subversion keeps a local copy of BASE. It doesn't need a network connection to accomplish this operation.

If you want to see the difference between your local copy and the latest available on the server, you will run:

svn diff -r HEAD

If you want to see what has changed in the repository since you've last updated, you can use:

svn diff -r BASE:HEAD

If you want to see the last change to a file before BASE, you can use:

svn diff -r PREV:BASE
# or
svn diff -r PREV:COMMITTED

That is also valid for the svn log command.

Unterverzeichnisse von anderen Orten verlinken

It can happen you would like to include a copy of a subdirectory from another place, but just for convenience, not for developing the code in there. Of course it should be updated automatically whenever the original changes. Subversion can help you. You need to edit the property svn:external of the directory the subdirectory should be added to. So for the current directory you use

svn propedit svn:externals .

and then enter lines of the form

libkhalkhi svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/playground/pim/khalkhi

Updating will now fetch /trunk/playground/pim/khalkhi into the subdirectoy libkhalkhi.

noframe

Beware that you cannot commit changes you did to the local copy of the external subdirectory, it is just a readonly copy.

Warnung

You use svn://anonsvn.kde.org and not another protocol, because anonsvn.kde.org is accessible to everyone. Using https: or svn+ssh: would only work for users of that protocol. There are still some small disadvantage with anonsvn.kde.org: It is not always in synchronization with svn.kde.org, so updates in the original branch may take a while to appear on anonsvn.kde.org. And some strict firewalls are blocking the svn: protocol.

A special case in KDE 3 is the subdirectory admin, containing the KDE 3 build utilities. It is linked in to the top directory in all modules, and maintained in /branches/KDE/3.5/kde-common. For admin the KDE subversion server is configured to allow readonly access for everyone, so if you see

admin https://svn.kde.org/home/kde/branches/KDE/3.5/kde-common/admin

there is no need to change this.

Mehr Informationen im KDE Wiki

Siehe auch the KDE wiki für mehr Informationen über Subversion in KDE