Development/FAQs/General FAQ/pt-br

 

Proposed for Deletion
This page has been proposed for deletion for the following reason: Content is now at https://community.kde.org/KDE/FAQs/General_FAQ and this page may no longer be up-to-date. Translations are still available for this page, however.

Eu quero iniciar este novo aplicativo. O que você aconselha?

Todos concordamos que existem muitos aplicativos do KDE que precisam ser escritos. Mas também existem muitos aplicativos kde que precisam da sua ajuda.

Para ver as áreas em que a ajuda é necessária, consulte this page.

Antes de iniciar um novo aplicativo, é sempre uma boa ideia verificar o KDE-Apps.org e outros serviços de hospedagem de software de código aberto como GitHub , Google Code e SourceForge para aplicativos existentes e para solicitar as / kde-devel kde-devel lista de discussão se alguém já está trabalhando em um projeto semelhante.

Sou desenvolvedor, como posso contribuir com o software KDE?

O Calligra e o KDevelop, apesar de serem muito elogiados, têm muito poucos desenvolvedores, então você pode conferir lá. Não há necessidade de ser desenvolvedor das áreas de trabalho do KDE ou das bibliotecas da plataforma KDE para ajudar. Toda a gama de softwares do KDE é muito modular, para que você possa melhorar perfeitamente uma área sem saber como os outros funcionam.

Você também pode perguntar em kde-devel se alguém precisa de ajuda em um aplicativo. Use a versão mais recente do seu software KDE favorito e localize as coisas necessárias. Um gerador de temas? Um editor de esquema do konsole? Melhorar um jogo? Sempre há um pequeno recurso ausente. Vá e implemente!

Você está familiarizado ou atraído por um campo específico? Veja se existe um aplicativo relacionado que possa usar sua ajuda. Ou escreva um. O KDE congratula-se especialmente com mais aplicativos não orientados a geeks.

Eu não sou um desenvolvedor, como posso ajudar?

Existem muitas tarefas que não exigem habilidades de desenvolvimento. Escreva revisões dos aplicativos para a promoção do KDE (consulte a lista de discussão kde-promo), ajude a equipe de documentação (consulte [http: // l10n.kde.org/docs/ i18n.kde.org/doc]), ajude as traduções (consulte i18n.kde.org), ajude a filtrar os bugs recebidos (consulte bugs.kde.org).

Onde eu posso encontrar as imagens de Konqi, o dragão?

O SDK do Konqi para algumas pessoas está em ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/devel/konqi_sdk.tar.bz2
Foi postado no artist.kde.org antes que o site deixasse de ser atualizado.

Mais imagens estão em KDE merchandise. Além disso, você pode encontrar algumas imagens e modelos não oficiais do Konqi em Create Konqi with Krita Contest e SuperTuxKart jogos.

Qual é o nível necessário para contribuir com o KDE? O que devo aprender? O que devo ler?

Você precisa conhecer C ++. Leia os Qt tutorials e navegue nos documentos do Qt para se familiarizar-se com o que está disponível do Qt. Depois, leia os KDE tutorials e navegue na arquitetura e documentação. Você também pode ler o KDE Book, que não pode prejudicar. Mas você não precisa estar familiarizado com toda a arquitetura do KDE para se tornar um desenvolvedor do KDE. Usar as tecnologias do KDE é bastante fácil, então concentre-se no que você realmente precisa, para aprender os outros bits mais tarde. KDE TechBase e doc.qt.digia.com (também em seu {{path | $ QTDIR / doc / html} }) são recursos inestimáveis, tire proveito deles. Em seguida, procure a fonte, procure os diretórios de exemplos, veja como o outro codificou seus aplicativos. Ler e escrever código é a melhor maneira para aprender.

Como obtenho o software KDE nos repositórios git ou SVN do KDE?

Veja a seção Building and Running KDE Software From Source na seção Getting Started.

Posso acessar o código fonte do KDE online?

Yes. There are many ways to do this:

• Browse websvn.kde.org, and quickgit.kde.org.
• Search the source code at lxr.kde.org/search
• Browse API docs generated from the source code at api.kde.org
• Browse the source code on http://code.woboq.org/kde as in KDevelop

What should I put in my .subversion/config?

You need to add the ignore list to the [miscellany] group in your ~/.subversion/config:

[miscellany]
global-ignores = *.moc *.moc.cc *.moc.cpp config.log config.status \
config.cache *.gmo .deps .libs SunWS_cache *.lo *.la *.rpo *.la.closure \
*_la_closure.cpp *_la_closure.cc *_la_closure.cxx *.all_cc.cc *.all_cpp.cpp \
*.all_C.C *.all_cxx.cxx *_meta_unload.cc *_meta_unload.h *_meta_unload.cpp \
*_meta_unload.C *_meta_unload.cxx index.cache.bz2 .memdump Makefile.rules.in \
Makefile.calls.in Makefile.rules Makefile.calls autom4te.cache *.kidl \
*.o *.lo *.la #*# .*.rej *.rej *.pyc

And to make svn diff ignore whitespace, and print function names:

[helpers]
diff-cmd = /usr/local/bin/_svndiff

with the following in /usr/local/bin/_svndiff:

#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/bin/diff -b -u -p "$@"

Don't forget to make /usr/local/bin/_svndiff executable.

I want to put my app in KDE

There are three requirements:

• Your app must compile with the latest version of KDE (git master or SVN trunk).
• Your app must be stable.
• Your app must be maintained. You will probably get a good deal of bug reports and wishes. People expect you to fix the bugs and implement the wishes that make sense.

See also the next question.

Is it better to develop inside or outside KDE?

As core developer Waldo Bastian explains in a copyrighted mail:

Being part of KDE means that you have to work together with others. Such cooperation brings along advantages but it also brings along responsibilities.

Some of those advantages are: your code ends up on all distro's, people might fix your bugs, you get free translations and documentation, you get tons of bugreports.

On the other side there are disadvantages and responsibilities: you will have to communicate with other developers about your work, other people might make changes to your code, you will have to respect release freezes, you get tons of bugreports and people actually expect that you fix them as well (what are they smoking?), people expect you to maintain your code.

You can't chose for the advantages and ignore the responsibilities that come with it, it's a complete package, it's both or nothing.

In general it should be the author of a piece of software that chooses to put his application in KDE's repositories. We usually don't put software in KDE's repositories unless the author wishes to do so. The other way around, if the author prefers to work on his application elsewhere then that's his right as well. Unless there is a split in the actual group of people working on the application it makes no sense to fork the development of an application because of that.

BUT... by putting your code under and open source license and putting it in a KDE repository you give the world at large, as well as KDE in particular, the irrevocable right to use your code. And KDE will use that right at its discretion to protect the interests of KDE, even if that goes against the wishes of the author at that point in time.

It is important to know that but don't be afraid. Usually, things work very well. In 5 years, it has only happened once that a developer had his work put kept in KDE while he wanted to remove it.

How do I get write access to KDE repositories?

See full article at Get a KDE Contributor Account.

Go to KDE Identity, fill out the form and describe why you need write access. Make sure to specify your full name and e-mail address.

Please also include the name of your bugs.kde.org account, if non-existent please create one so that it can be given usual developer rights. Closing bugs.kde.org reports with keywords in commit comments only works if the email address of your KDE Identity and bugs.kde.org accounts match. You can change your bugs.kde.org address in the Bugzilla user settings.

Git requires use of an ssh key, and new accounts for SVN must also choose the svn+ssh protocol. Send a public ssh key (e.g. ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub)

See also #How do I create a SSH key?

If you are contributing to an application that is not yours, it is a good idea to first submitting your coding as patches to the author and let him apply them. If the author is not maintaining his application, you might become the new maintainer...

Although there are few restrictions on repository commit rights, we expect you not to disrupt other developers' code without their consent. You must also respect the feature freezes of the release schedule (published on Schedules page)

A detailed list of rules you should follow when committing to KDE repositories are listed in the KDE Commit Policy.

My app is not stable but I would like to have it in KDE

As a first step, we can put it in playground, which is essentially "kde-alpha". Develop it there and when it is ready, request that your app to be moved to the appropriate KDE package or the extragear module.

I don't want to lose my SVN history.

This is no longer possible with Subversion. Maybe in the future, if the server is upgraded and allows that. Note that for git this is not an issue.

What is kdebindings?

It contains Qt bindings for Ruby, PHP, C# to use Qt classes with those langages, KDE bindings for Ruby, C#, python to use KDE classes with those langages, and XParts to embed non-KDE apps as a KPart. Check the binding page of TechBase.

Does the feature freeze apply to playground?

No, playground are not a released packages. The same is true for kdereview and extragear: they are not frozen and released. But if you want your app to move to a package, ask for it before the beta-release.

Can I have a stable and an unstable KDE on the same computer?

Yes, check Building KDE Software from git.kde.org video series:

• Building KDE Software from git.kde.org Part 1
• Building KDE Software from git.kde.org Part 2
• Building KDE Software from git.kde.org Part 3

How do I know which version of Qt/KDE I am using?

kde-config and all KDE programs accept --version as argument.

Qt-copy or Qt from qt.digia.com: if one were doing a clean build of trunk, which would be preferable?

You can use either. They are binary compatible (forward and backward). There can be, however, a few bugfixes in qt-copy over the most recent Qt release. Especially if building from qt-copy, pay attention to the apply-patches script.

How can I checkout a single directory from a SVN module?

Checkout the top-level dir with 'svn co -N /modulename', 'cd modulename', 'svn up admin' to get the admin/ dir and then finally checkout the dir you want with 'svn up subdir'

For instance, to get only reaktivate from playground/utils: svn co -N /playground/utils; svn up reaktivate Then compile as usual.

The same answer applies to the question "How do I get a single language out of kde-i18n?".

If you don't know the name of the directory you want to check out, you can browse websvn.kde.org to find it.

How can I get one of the KDE application as a standalone tarball?

kdesdk/scripts/svn2dist is a script to extract an application from the KDE source tree and package it as a standalone application.

How do I close my own bug reports?

If you reported a bug that is fixed in a new release of KDE but is still reported as open, you can close it. It might happen because your bug is the same as another one, or simply because the developer fixed something without noticing that it would correct your bug.

You can do that from your Subversion commit. To do so, append to your commit message a line like this:

BUG: XXXXX where XXXXX is the bug report you want to close. If the report you're closing is adding a new feature, you can use FEATURE instead of BUG.

Managing a bug list is a huge task for the developers and they usually have a lot of bugs listed, some being fixed already without their knowledge, some being unreproducible, some without enough information to be corrected, etc. If you can help by managing and updating the list of outstanding bugs, you will be gladly welcome. And you will receive an even happier welcome if you provide a patch.

How do I create a SSH key?

SSH makes use of two keys: a private key and a public key. You should keep the private key secret at all times and only place it on machines over which you have direct control. Public, shared, and community machines are not suitable environments to store SSH private keys. Take action to help prevent theft of your SSH private key data. Setting a password on your SSH private key will help reduce the risks involved with private key theft.

Generate a key pair for each major location you work from. This helps to reduce the impact when your key gets stolen. When someone obtains access to your private key, your key can be abused in attempts to compromise KDE servers. Well known open source projects have been compromised this way in the past, YOU must help us to make sure that this doesn't happen with KDE servers as well. For that reason it is important to notify sysadmin (at) kde (dot) org immediately when you notice that someone may have had access to your private key for example when a computer on which it was stored has been hacked or infected with a virus, worm or trojan.

If you choose to make a backup of your SSH private key data, please ensure that any such backup is stored in a secure manner as well.

For the practical part, the following command can be used to generate a SSH private/public key pair with ssh-keygen -t dsa This will create a private key as ~/.ssh/id_dsa and a public key as ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.

There are times when you may want to use a key of a different name to the default, perhaps to use separate keys for different projects. To let SSH know which key you want to use for KDE.org, you can keep a list of servers and their corresponding keys in ~/.ssh/config. For example,

Host svn.kde.org 
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa_kde

In order to use SSH to access KDE servers you need to send your public key to sysadmin (at) kde (dot) org.

How can I monitor changes made by others?

The kde-commits mailinglist carries automatic notifications for all changes made in the KDE repositories. The KDE-Commits mailinglist is very high traffic. An alternative is CommitFilter which allows you to get notification for only those areas that interest you.