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| ==Abstract==
| | This page was moved [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/kxmlgui/using_actions/ here] |
| We're going to introduce the concept of actions. Actions are a unified way of supplying the user with ways to interact with your program.
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| Say, for example, we want to let the user clear the text box by clicking a button in the toolbar, from an option in the File menu or through a keyboard shortcut; we can provide all of those through one {{class|KAction}}.
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| [[image:introtokdetutorial3.png|frame|center]]
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| ==Prerequisites==
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| * [[Development/Tutorials/Programming_Tutorial_KDE_4/Using_KMainWindow|Tutorial 2 - KMainWindow]]
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| ==KAction==
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| A {{class|KAction}} is an object which contains all the information about the icon and shortcuts you want associated to a certain action. You then connect the action to a [http://doc.trolltech.com/latest/signalsandslots.html slot] which carries out the work of you action.
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| ===Creating Your Own===
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| To create an action, you need to <tt>#include <KAction></tt> in your <tt>.cpp</tt> file.
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| =====Creating the object=====
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| We're going to create an action which will clear the text area (see Tutorial 2). The KAction is built up in a number of steps. The first is creating the KAction
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| <code cppqt>KAction* clearAction = new KAction(actionCollection(), "clear");</code>
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| This creates a KAction called <tt>clearAction</tt>. The first constructor argument is telling the action that it is part of the <tt>{{class|KActionCollection}} actionCollection()</tt> and the second is simply setting a name for internal use (it doesn't necessarily have to be textually similar to the function of the action).
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| =====Text=====
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| Now we have out KAction object, we can start setting its properties. First, we'll set the text that will be displayed in the menu and under its icon in the toolbar.
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| <code cppqt>clearAction->setText(i18n("Clear"));</code>
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| As you can see, the text must be passed through the i18n() function if you want your UI to be translatable.
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| =====Icon=====
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| If you're going to display the action in a toolbar, you're going to want to have an icon depicting the action. To set an icon we simply use the <tt>setIcon()</tt> function thus:
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| <code cppqt>clearAction->setIcon(KIcon("filenew"));</code>
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| Here we're setting the icon to the standard KDE <tt>filenew</tt> icon.
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| =====Shortcut=====
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| We can also set a shortcut that will perform our action. It's as simple as a
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| <code cppqt>clearAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL+Qt::Key_W);</code>
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| to set Ctrl+W to be associated to this action.
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| =====Connecting the action=====
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| Now our action is fully set up, we need to connect it to something useful. We're going to connect our action to the <tt>clear()</tt> action belonging to a KTextArea.
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| <code cppqt>connect(clearAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), textArea, SLOT(clear()));</code>
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| This is the came as it would be done in Qt with a {{qt|QAction}}.
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| ===KStandardAction===
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| For actions which would likely appear in almost every KDE application such as 'quit', 'save', and 'load' there are pre-created convenience KActions, accessed through {{class|KStandardAction}}.
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| They are very simple to use. Once you've done <tt>#include <KAction></tt>, you simply need to supply it with what you want the function to do and which KActionCollection to add it to. For example,
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| <code cppqt>KStandardAction::quit(kapp, SLOT(quit()), actionCollection());</code>
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| Will Create a KAction with the correct icon, text and shortcut and will even add it to the File menu.
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| ==The Code==
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| ===mainwindow.h===
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| <code cppqt n>
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| #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
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| #define MAINWINDOW_H
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| #include <KMainWindow>
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| #include <KTextEdit>
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| class MainWindow : public KMainWindow
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| {
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| public:
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| MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);
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|
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| private:
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| KTextEdit* textArea;
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| void setupActions();
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| };
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| #endif
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| </code>
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| ===mainwindow.cpp===
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| <code cppqt n>
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| #include "mainwindow.h"
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| #include <KApplication>
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| #include <KAction>
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| #include <KStandardAction>
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| MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KMainWindow(parent)
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| {
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| textArea = new KTextEdit;
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| setCentralWidget(textArea);
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| setupActions();
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| }
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| void MainWindow::setupActions()
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| {
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| KAction* clearAction = new KAction(actionCollection(), "clear");
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| clearAction->setText(i18n("Clear"));
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| clearAction->setIcon(KIcon("filenew"));
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| clearAction->setShortcut(Qt::CTRL+Qt::Key_W);
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| connect(clearAction, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)),
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| textArea, SLOT(clear()));
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| KStandardAction::quit(kapp, SLOT(quit()), actionCollection());
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| setupGUI();
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| }
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| </code>
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| ===main.cpp===
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| <code cppqt n>
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| #include <KApplication>
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| #include <KAboutData>
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| #include <KCmdLineArgs>
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| #include "mainwindow.h"
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| int main (int argc, char *argv[])
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| {
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| KAboutData aboutData( "tutorial3", "Tutorial 3",
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| "1.0", "A simple text area using KAction etc.",
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| KAboutData::License_GPL, "(c) 2006" );
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| KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData );
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| KApplication app;
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|
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| MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
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| window->show();
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| return app.exec();
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| }
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| </code>
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| ==Putting the actions in the menus and toolbars==
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| Now, at the moment, we've only created our new "Clear" action. It won't yet show up in the menus or in the toolbars. To tell the program where to put our actions (and to allow the end-user to move them around) we use an xml file.
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| ===XMLGUI===
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| TODO: Pah, I'm getting tired. Can someone write a bit of an intro to XMLGUI (mentioning that it will be replaced by liveui), walk through what the code below means and mention the naming rules of the .xml file :)
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| ===tutorial3ui.rc===
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| <code xml n>
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| <!DOCTYPE kpartgui SYSTEM "kpartgui.dtd">
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| <kpartgui name="tutorial3" version="1">
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| <ToolBar name="mainToolBar" >
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| <text>Main Toolbar</text>
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| <Action name="clear" />
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| </ToolBar>
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| <MenuBar>
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| <Menu name="file" >
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| <text>&File</text>
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| <Action name="clear" />
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| </Menu>
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| </MenuBar>
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| </kpartgui>
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| </code>
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| ==CMake==
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| Now that we're using XMLGUI, we need to put the <tt>tutorial3ui.rc</tt> somewhere where KDE can find it. This means we need to install our project somewhere.
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| ===CMakeLists.txt===
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| <code ini n>
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| PROJECT(tutorial3)
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| FIND_PACKAGE(KDE4 REQUIRED)
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| INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} )
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| SET(tutorial3_SRCS
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| main.cpp
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| mainwindow.cpp
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| )
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| KDE4_ADD_EXECUTABLE(tutorial3 ${tutorial3_SRCS})
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| TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES( tutorial3 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
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| install(TARGETS tutorial3 DESTINATION ${BIN_INSTALL_DIR})
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| install( FILES tutorial3ui.rc DESTINATION ${DATA_INSTALL_DIR}/tutorial3 )
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| </code>
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| ===Make, Install And Run===
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| If you don't have write access to where your KDE4 installation directory, you can install it to a folder in your home directory.
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| To tell CMake where to install the program, set the <tt>DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX</tt> switch. So to install the program to the KDE directory, do
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| cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$KDEDIR
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| make install
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| tutorial3
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| ==Moving On==
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| Now that we can make the GUI look like and do whatever we want, we can move on to storing application settings with [[Development/Tutorials/Programming_Tutorial_KDE_4/Using_KConfig|KConfig XT]].
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