Getting Started/Sources/Subversion: Difference between revisions

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{{TutorialBrowser|
{{Moved To Community|Infrastructure/Subversion}}
 
series=Getting Started|
 
name=Using Subversion With KDE|
}}
 
== Abstract ==
 
This is a quick KDE-specific introduction for using subversion to access files and software in KDE's repositories. For comprehensive coverage of Subversion we recommend reading the book
"[http://svnbook.red-bean.com/ Version Control with Subversion]".
 
== Getting started ==
 
In order to use the KDE Subversion repository, you will need two things:
 
# A Subversion client program
# An account in our repository
 
Note: For anonymous read-only access use protocol "svn", no "yourname@" and server "anonsvn.kde.org" instead below.
 
'''Installing Subversion:''' instructions on installing the client are not
presented here. Refer to your system installation instructions to find out how
you can install Subversion. You will need version 1.1 at least. If you are
compiling from sources and want to access the KDE repository by https
(and not by svn+ssh), you will need SSL and ZLIB support,
so you will need the <tt>--with-ssl --with-zlib</tt> options.
 
Alternatively, you can install one of the many graphical clients out there.
This tutorial is intended for people using the <tt>svn</tt> program only, referring
to tasks accomplished with the usual <tt>cvs</tt> program.
 
'''Getting an account:''' if you had a CVS
account before, it has been migrated to the new Subversion client. If
you didn't, refer to the [[Contribute/Get_a_SVN_Account|corresponding tutorial]] how to get one.
 
{{Note|If you have lost your CVS password, there are simple ways to retrieve
it. Use [http://ktown.kde.org/~coolo/cvspwd.c cvspwd.c] or [http://kdab.net/~dfaure/cvs-unscramble cvs-unscramble] (Perl).}}
 
== The KDE repository structure ==
 
svn.kde.org/home/kde
 
That's the address of the KDE Subversion repository. The repository is served by
HTTPS or SVN+SSH protocol, which means your password is secure against third-party
eavesdropping.
 
The SSL certificate md5 fingerprint for the repositories:
F6BF EDE2 D016 D1B2  4F18 742E 2C8F B7EF
 
The SSL certificate sha1 fingerprint for the repositories:
e1:e6:41:96:3c:eb:ae:78:e2:73:0d:a2:32:2f:6b:21:13:bf:3d:0f
 
For people using svn+ssh, here's the fingerprint of the server's RSA key:
86:f3:66:06:20:74:81:d0:1b:b4:2f:25:03:f7:8e:fb
 
The repository is organised in main directories:
 
# /branches
# /tags
# /trunk
 
You can explore the repository structure at [http://websvn.kde.org/ http://websvn.kde.org/]
 
 
=== The top-level directory /trunk ===
 
The <tt>/trunk</tt>
top-level subdirectory is where the main development for KDE occurs.
What you will find here is what will become the next KDE release, and
its associated programs. Here you will also find the <tt>www</tt> module,
which contains webpages for KDE's site and related ones.
 
<tt>/trunk</tt> is further subdivided into these sub-directories:
 
*<tt>KDE/</tt><br/>KDE itself, what will become the next public release. It contains the following modules:
**'''kde-common''' - Common admin/ directory
**'''kdelibs''' - KDE basic libraries, used by all KDE programs
**'''kdebase''' - KDE base programs, like the KDE Control Center, Kicker (the panel) and Konqueror (the web browser)
**'''kdeaccessibility''' - Accessibility files
**'''kdeadmin''' - KDE Administration applications
**'''kdeartwork''' - Images, themes, sounds and other art files
**'''kdebindings''' - Bindings for languages other than C++
**'''kdeedu''' - KDE Educational applications
**'''kdegames''' - KDE Games
**'''kdegraphics''' - KDE Graphical applications
**'''kdemultimedia''' - KDE Multimedia applications
**'''kdenetwork''' - KDE Networking applications
**'''kdepim''' - KDE Personal Information Management applications
**'''kdepimlibs''' - Libraries used by KDE-PIM applications.
**'''kdesdk''' - KDE Software Development Kit applications
**'''kdetoys''' - KDE toy applications
**'''kdevelop''' - The KDevelop program
**'''kdeutils''' - KDE General utilities
**'''kdewebdev''' - KDE Web development applications
*<tt>bugs/</tt>
:[http://bugs.kde.org/ Bugzilla] files
*<tt>developer.kde.org/</tt>
:The content of developer.kde.org
*<tt>extragear/</tt>
:KDE programs outside the main KDE releases.
*<tt>kdereview/</tt>
:Temporary home for KDE applications that are believed to have reached release-quality. From here, once all major issues are resolved, applications are moved either to <tt>/trunk/KDE/</tt> or to <tt>/trunk/extragear/</tt>
*<tt>kdesupport/</tt>
:Supporting applications and libraries for KDE
*<tt>koffice/</tt><br/>The KDE Office suite, containing the programs:
**'''karbon'''
**'''kchart'''
**'''kexi'''
**'''kformula'''
**'''kivio'''
**'''koshell'''
**'''kplato'''
**'''kpresenter'''
**'''krita'''
**'''kspread'''
**'''kugar'''
**'''kword'''
*<tt>konstruct/</tt>
:Konstruct, the KDE build program
*<tt>l10n/</tt>
:Translations
*<tt>playground/</tt>
:The KDE playground: applications being developed, but not having yet reached release-quality.
*<tt>qt-copy/</tt>
:The convenience copy of [http://www.trolltech.com/ Trolltech's] Qt library, which KDE is based upon.
*<tt>tests/</tt>
:khtml, KOffice and ksvg testcases
*<tt>valgrind/</tt>
:The Valgrind application, which is hosted on the KDE repository, but that is not part of KDE itself.  Note that newer versions of Valgrind are developed on their own repository.  The KDE Valgrind modules only holds up to Valgrind 2.4.
*<tt>www/</tt>
:Webpages for the KDE site (and related sites). Write access to this directory is restricted.
 
=== The top-level directory <tt>/tags</tt> ===
 
This
directory contains the official releases of the programs maintained and
developed in the KDE repository. Each individual application has a
subdirectory here. Inside it, you will find the release numbers.
 
For instance, the KDE 3.4.0 code can be found under <tt>/tags/KDE/3.4.0/</tt>.
 
=== The top-level directory <tt>/branches</tt> ===
 
This directory contains the branch versions of the applications after a major release.
 
Most
KDE applications adhere to the philosphy that new features (as well as
new user-visible strings) are added only to the next release cycle &#8212;
the one that lives in <tt>/trunk/</tt>. However, bugfixes are applied to all
applications, even after release.
 
In
order to do that, a branch is created at the moment of the release,
indicating the state of the files at that time. Bugfixes are then
checked in to those files. Those branches are the ones in <tt>/branches/</tt>.
 
For instance, the KDE 3.4.x branch can be found under <tt>/branches/KDE/3.4/</tt>
 
The subdirectories you will find inside <tt>/branches</tt> are the
application subdirs, like <tt>akregator/</tt>, <tt>amarok/</tt>,
<tt>arts/</tt>, <tt>k3b/</tt>, etc. You will also find a <tt>KDE/</tt>
subdir, containing the official KDE releases since time immemorial.
 
One special subdir is found in <tt>/branches</tt>: <tt>work/</tt>. This
subdir contains the so-called "work branches", that is, branches containing
features being worked on, sometimes highly experimental. Multi-application
work branches always are checked in to <tt>/branches/work/</tt>, but
single-application branches may be found in each application's subdir. That
is a decision left to the developers.
 
 
 
== Checking out and updating ==
 
=== Checking out ===
In order to check out something with Subversion, you use the <tt>checkout</tt> subcommand.
 
'''WARNING:''' If you checkout trunk/KDE/ or branches/KDE/foo/ you will download complete kde-i18n!
 
Suppose you wanted to check out only KDevelop from the KDE repository. You would do:
 
CVS command:
cvs -d :pserver:[email protected]:/home/kde login
cvs -d :pserver:[email protected]:/home/kde checkout kdevelop
 
Subversion command:
 
CVS users currently using ssh access, should use protocol svn+ssh,
CVS users currently using password access, should use protocol https
in the following.
 
svn checkout &lt;protocol&gt;://&lt;username&gt;@svn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/KDE/kdevelop
 
=== Updating ===
 
In order to update, you use the <tt>update</tt> subcommand.
 
This is no different from CVS: you change into your checked out copy and issue a <tt>svn update</tt> (or, shorter, <tt>svn up</tt>) command.
 
== Knowing the status of a file ==
 
To know which local files you had modified, in CVS most people did
cvs up
and looked at the files with '''M''', this does not work with svn so you have to do
svn status
to know the status of the files.
 
== Committing to the repository ==
 
Just like in CVS, committing to the Subversion repository is accomplished
with the <tt>commit</tt> or <tt>checkin</tt> (<tt>ci</tt> for short) subcommands.
 
CVS command:
cvs commit
# or
cvs ci
# or
cvs ci filename.cpp
 
Subversion command:
svn commit
# or
svn ci
# or
svn ci filename.cpp
 
This way, <tt>svn</tt> will launch the editor specified in <tt>$SVN_EDITOR</tt> for you
to compose the commit message. If you prefer, you can give <tt>svn</tt> the -m
oprtion with your full message:
 
svn ci -m "Updating protocol to conform to HTTP/1.1"
 
== Ignoring files ==
 
Subversion stores ignored files per directory. To edit the ignored
files of the directory you are currently in, do
  svn propedit svn:ignore .
that will launch your editor, write there the names of the files you want to
ignore, one file per line. Once you are done, do a commit so the ignored list
file gets updated on the server.
 
A lot of files were ignored in CVS with help from global ignore list which
is not supported yet by SVN. You can wait for svn 1.3 or you need to add the
ignore list to the [miscellany] group in your {{path|~/.subversion/config}} (all in
one line):
 
global-ignores = *.o *.lo *.la .*.rej *.rej .*~ *~ .#* #*# .DS_Store *.moc
*.moc.cc *.moc.cpp config.log config.status config.cache *.gmo .deps .libs
SunWS_cache *.lo *.la *.rpo *.la.closure *_la_closure.cpp *_la_closure.cc
*_la_closure.cxx *.all_cc.cc *.all_cpp.cpp *.all_C.C *.all_cxx.cxx
*_meta_unload.cc *_meta_unload.h *_meta_unload.cpp *_meta_unload.C
*_meta_unload.cxx index.cache.bz2 .memdump Makefile.rules.in Makefile.calls.in
Makefile.rules Makefile.calls autom4te.cache *.kidl
 
== Working with multiple revisions and branches ==
 
Unlike CVS, Subversion doesn't generate a revision number for each file
modified. Instead, the full repository is versioned, as a whole. This way, a
given revision number represents the state the repository was on a given date.
In other words, a revision number is like a timestamp (in fact, the Subversion
server uses this fact to search for dates in the repository faster).
 
So, for instance, when you check out the KDE repository, Subversion will
tell you the following:
 
Updated to revision 403821.
 
This means that the latest revision available at the time of the operation
was 403821. If you make a modification and commit, Subversion will update the
server-side revision and will inform you of it. Like CVS, only the committed
files will be updated: you will need run <tt>cvs up</tt> to update the rest of the
files.
 
If you want to retrieve a specific revision of a file, you can use the <tt>-r</tt>
switch. Besides the revision number itself, -r accepts a number of other
possibilities:
 
* The revision number: for example, use -r 403819 to retrieve that version
* '''BASE''': the revision you updated to
* '''COMMITTED''': the revision a file was last modified, before BASE
* '''PREV''': the revision of the previous commit to the file before COMMITTED
* '''HEAD''': the most recent revision available in the server
* '''{ date }''': between curly brackets, you can specify a date for searching the closest revisions
 
The following illustrates the evolution of the keywords:
 
# You run <tt>svn up</tt> to update to the latest available revision. Suppose Subversion tells you it updated to revision 403821. This means that HEAD and BASE are 403821.
# You modify file README and commit it. Suppose Subversion tells you it committed revision 403822. This means HEAD, BASE and COMMITTED are 403822.
# You modify the file again and commit it. Now PREV is 403822, but HEAD, BASE and COMMITTED are updated to a new value (suppose it's 403823).
# Now someone else modifies the repository, and you update your working copy. If Subversion tells you it updated to 403824, this means now HEAD and BASE are moved to 403824 (but PREV and COMMITTED stay the same)
# If someone modifies the README file now, HEAD is moved. The other keywords stay the same for you, until you update. At this time, we will have HEAD = 403825 (the latest available revision), BASE = 403824 (the revision you last updated to), COMMITTED = 403823 (the revision of the latest change to the file when you last updated) and PREV = 403822 (the revision of the change before COMMITTED)
 
Those keywords are useful to retrieve logs and diffs for commits to the
repository.
 
If you want to see the difference between your working copy and BASE, you
can run:
 
svn diff
 
This is a very fast operation, since Subversion keeps a local copy of BASE.
It doesn't need a network connection to accomplish this operation.
 
If you want to see the difference between your local copy and the latest
available on the server, you will run:
 
svn diff -r HEAD
 
If you want to see what has changed in the repository since you've last updated, you can use:
svn diff -r BASE:HEAD
 
If you want to see the last change to a file before BASE, you can use:
svn diff -r PREV:BASE
# or
svn diff -r PREV:COMMITTED
 
That is also valid for the <tt>svn log</tt> command.
 
== Linking in subdirectories from other places ==
 
It can happen you would like to include a copy of a subdirectory from another place, but just for convenience, not for developing the code in there. Of course it should be updated automatically whenever the original changes. Subversion can help you. You need to edit the property <tt>svn:external</tt> of the directory the subdirectory should be added to. So for the current directory you use
svn propedit svn:externals .
and then enter lines of the form
libkhalkhi svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/playground/pim/khalkhi
Updating will now fetch <tt>/trunk/playground/pim/khalkhi</tt> into the subdirectoy <tt>libkhalkhi</tt>.
 
{{warning|Beware that you cannot commit changes you did to the local copy of the external subdirectory, it is just a readonly copy.}}
 
You use <tt>svn://anonsvn.kde.org</tt> and not another protocol, because <tt>anonsvn.kde.org</tt> is accessible to everyone. Using <tt>https:</tt> or <tt>svn+ssh:</tt> would only work for users of that protocol. There are still some small disadvantage with <tt>anonsvn.kde.org</tt>: It is not always in synchronization with <tt>svn.kde.org</tt>, so updates in the original branch may take a while to appear on <tt>anonsvn.kde.org</tt>. And some strict firewalls are blocking the <tt>svn:</tt> protocol.
 
A special case in KDE 3 is the subdirectory <tt>admin</tt>, containing the KDE 3 build utilities. It is linked in to the top directory in all modules, and maintained in <tt>/branches/KDE/3.5/kde-common</tt>. For <tt>admin</tt> the KDE subversion server is configured to allow readonly access for everyone, so if you see
admin https://svn.kde.org/home/kde/branches/KDE/3.5/kde-common/admin
there is no need to change this.
 
== More information on the kde wiki ==
 
See [http://wiki.kde.org/tiki-index.php?page=KDE%20Subversion%20HOWTO the KDE wiki] for more
information about subversion in KDE

Latest revision as of 12:34, 11 March 2016

This page is now on the community wiki.

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