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 | {{Template:I18n/Language Navigation Bar (zh_CN)|Development/Tutorials/创建主窗口}}
  |  | This page was moved [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/main_window/ here]  | 
 | {{TutorialBrowser|
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 | series=初学者教程|
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 | name=创建主窗口|
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 | pre=[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]]|
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 | next=[[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|教程3 - 使用KActions]]| 
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 | reading={{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}
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 | }}
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 |    |  | 
 | == 摘要 ==
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 | 本教程承接上一讲[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]] ,进一步介绍{{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}类的使用。
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 |    |  | 
 | 在上一讲中,程序只是显示了一个弹出框。在本讲中,我们要让我们的程序具备更加实际功能。
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 | [[image:introtokdetutorial2.png|frame|center]]
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 |    |  | 
 | == 使用KXmlGuiWindow ==
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 |    |  | 
 | 为了得到一个可用的KXmlGuiWindow,我们必须对它子类化。为此,我们创建两个文件:<tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt>和<tt>mainwindow.h</tt>,在其中保存我们的派生类代码。我们的类继承自KXmlGuiWindow,因为它使用XML来定义程序的菜单结构。
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 |    |  | 
 | ===mainwindow.h===
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 | <code cppqt>
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 | #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
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 | #define MAINWINDOW_H
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 |    |  | 
 | #include <KXmlGuiWindow>
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 | #include <KTextEdit>
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 |    |  | 
 | class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow
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 | {
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 |   public:
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 |     MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);
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 | 		
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 |   private:
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 |     KTextEdit* textArea;
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 | };
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 |    |  | 
 | #endif
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 | </code>
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 | 首先,我们在第7行声明了KXmlGuiWindow的一个派生类:<tt>class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow</tt>.
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 |    |  | 
 | 接下来我们声明了一个构造函数<tt>MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);</tt>.
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 |    |  | 
 | 最后我们定义了一个指针类型的成员变量,它将被用来指向我们用来构成程序主体的KTextEdit对象。{{class|KTextEdit}}是一个通用的RichText编辑器,并具有很多KDE特有的优点,如光标自动隐藏等。
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 |    |  | 
 | ===mainwindow.cpp===
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 | <code cppqt>
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 | #include "mainwindow.h"
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 |    |  | 
 | MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KXmlGuiWindow(parent)
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 | {
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 |   textArea = new KTextEdit;
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 |   setCentralWidget(textArea);
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 |   setupGUI();
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 | }
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 | </code>
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 | 首先,很自然的,我们在第一行首先声明包含了含有类声明的头文件。
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 |    |  | 
 | 在第五行,我们初始化了一个KTextEdit对象并将它赋给之前定义的成员变量。接下来在第6行,我们调用<tt>KXmlGuiWindow</tt>内置的<tt>setCentralWidget()</tt>函数,它告诉程序应该将什么东西显示在窗口的中央。
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 |    |  | 
 | 最终, <tt>KXmlGuiWindow::setupGUI()</tt>被调用,它会替我们完成很多底层的工作,并创建一个缺省的菜单(包含“设置”和“帮助”)。
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 |    |  | 
 | ==Back to main.cpp==
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 | 为了能够实际运行前面定义的窗口, 我们还需要在<tt>main.cpp</tt>中增加一些代码:
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 | ===main.cpp===
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 | <code cppqt>
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 | #include <KApplication>
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 | #include <KAboutData>
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 | #include <KCmdLineArgs>
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 |    |  | 
 | #include "mainwindow.h"
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 |    |  | 
 | int main (int argc, char *argv[])
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 | {
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 |   KAboutData aboutData( "tutorial2", 0,
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 |       ki18n("Tutorial 2"), "1.0",
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 |       ki18n("A simple text area"),
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 |       KAboutData::License_GPL,
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 |       ki18n("Copyright (c) 2007 Developer") );
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 |   KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData );
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 |   
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 |   KApplication app;
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 |  
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 |   MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
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 |   window->show();
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 |    |  | 
 |   return app.exec();
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 | }
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 | </code>
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 | 与第一讲相比,这里唯一新增加的行就是第18和19行。在第18行,我们生成了一个MainWindow类的对象实例,然后在第19行显示它。
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 | ==CMake==
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 | The best way to build the program is to use CMake. All that's changed since tutorial 1 is that <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt> has been added to the sources list and any <tt>tutorial1</tt> has become <tt>tutorial2</tt>.
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 | ===CMakeLists.txt===
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 | <code ini>
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 | project (tutorial2)
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 |    |  | 
 | find_package(KDE4 REQUIRED)
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 | include_directories( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} )
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 |    |  | 
 | set(tutorial2_SRCS 
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 | 	main.cpp
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 | 	mainwindow.cpp
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 | )
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 |    |  | 
 | kde4_add_executable(tutorial2 ${tutorial2_SRCS})
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 | target_link_libraries( tutorial2 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
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 | </code>
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 |    |  | 
 | === 编译运行 ===
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 | To compile, link and run it, use:
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 |  cmake . && make && ./tutorial2
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 |    |  | 
 | == 继续前进 ==
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 | Now you can move on to [[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|using KActions]].
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 |    |  | 
 | [[Category:C++]]
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