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| {{Template:I18n/Language Navigation Bar (zh_CN)|Development/Tutorials/创建主窗口}}
| | This page was moved [https://develop.kde.org/docs/getting-started/main_window/ here] |
| {{TutorialBrowser|
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| series=初学者教程|
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| name=创建主窗口|
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| pre=[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]]|
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| next=[[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|教程3 - 使用KActions]]|
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| reading={{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}
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| }}
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| == 摘要 ==
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| 本教程承接上一讲[[Development/Tutorials/First_program (zh_CN)|教程1 - Hello World]] ，进一步介绍{{class|KXmlGuiWindow}}类的使用。
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| 在上一讲中，程序只是显示了一个弹出框。在本讲中，我们要让我们的程序具备更加实际功能。
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| [[image:introtokdetutorial2.png|frame|center]]
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| == 使用KXmlGuiWindow ==
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| 为了得到一个可用的KXmlGuiWindow，我们必须对它子类化。为此，我们创建两个文件：<tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt>和<tt>mainwindow.h</tt>，在其中保存我们的派生类代码。我们的类继承自KXmlGuiWindow，因为它使用XML来定义程序的菜单结构。
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| ===mainwindow.h===
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| <code cppqt>
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| #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
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| #define MAINWINDOW_H
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| #include <KXmlGuiWindow>
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| #include <KTextEdit>
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| class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow
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| {
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| public:
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| MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);
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|
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| private:
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| KTextEdit* textArea;
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| };
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| #endif
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| </code>
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| 首先，我们在第7行声明了KXmlGuiWindow的一个派生类：<tt>class MainWindow : public KXmlGuiWindow</tt>.
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| 接下来我们声明了一个构造函数<tt>MainWindow(QWidget *parent=0);</tt>.
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| 最后我们定义了一个指针类型的成员变量，它将被用来指向我们用来构成程序主体的KTextEdit对象。{{class|KTextEdit}}是一个通用的RichText编辑器，并具有很多KDE特有的优点，如光标自动隐藏等。
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| ===mainwindow.cpp===
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| <code cppqt>
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| #include "mainwindow.h"
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| MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : KXmlGuiWindow(parent)
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| {
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| textArea = new KTextEdit;
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| setCentralWidget(textArea);
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| setupGUI();
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| }
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| </code>
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| 首先，很自然的，我们在第一行首先声明包含了含有类声明的头文件。
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| 在第五行，我们初始化了一个KTextEdit对象并将它赋给之前定义的成员变量。接下来在第6行，我们调用<tt>KXmlGuiWindow</tt>内置的<tt>setCentralWidget()</tt>函数，它告诉程序应该将什么东西显示在窗口的中央。
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| 最终, <tt>KXmlGuiWindow::setupGUI()</tt>被调用，它会替我们完成很多底层的工作，并创建一个缺省的菜单(包含“设置”和“帮助”)。
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| ==Back to main.cpp==
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| In order to actually run this window, we need to add a few lines in main.cpp:
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| ===main.cpp===
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| <code cppqt>
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| #include <KApplication>
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| #include <KAboutData>
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| #include <KCmdLineArgs>
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| #include "mainwindow.h"
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| int main (int argc, char *argv[])
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| {
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| KAboutData aboutData( "tutorial2", 0,
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| ki18n("Tutorial 2"), "1.0",
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| ki18n("A simple text area"),
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| KAboutData::License_GPL,
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| ki18n("Copyright (c) 2007 Developer") );
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| KCmdLineArgs::init( argc, argv, &aboutData );
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|
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| KApplication app;
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|
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| MainWindow* window = new MainWindow();
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| window->show();
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| return app.exec();
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| }
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| </code>
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| The only new lines here (compared to Tutorial 1) are 18 and 19. On line 18, we create our MainWindow object and then on line 19, we display it.
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| ==CMake==
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| The best way to build the program is to use CMake. All that's changed since tutorial 1 is that <tt>mainwindow.cpp</tt> has been added to the sources list and any <tt>tutorial1</tt> has become <tt>tutorial2</tt>.
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| ===CMakeLists.txt===
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| <code ini>
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| project (tutorial2)
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| find_package(KDE4 REQUIRED)
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| include_directories( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} )
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| set(tutorial2_SRCS
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| main.cpp
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| mainwindow.cpp
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| )
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| kde4_add_executable(tutorial2 ${tutorial2_SRCS})
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| target_link_libraries( tutorial2 ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
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| </code>
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| === 编译运行 ===
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| To compile, link and run it, use:
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| cmake . && make && ./tutorial2
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| == 继续前进 ==
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| Now you can move on to [[Development/Tutorials/Using_KActions|using KActions]].
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| [[Category:C++]]
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