View source for Archive:Getting Started/Set up KDE 4 for development (zh TW)


{{TutorialBrowser_(zh_TW)|

series=入門|

name=建立開發用的 KDE 4|

pre=[[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4_(zh_TW)|建構 KDE 4]]|

next=[[Development_(zh_TW)|其他開發主題]]|

}}

{{note_(zh_TW)|本文假設您已經看過[[Getting Started/Build/KDE4_(zh_TW)|這篇]]教學，成功建構了 kdelibs、kdepimlibs 和 kdebase。}}

== 啟動 KDE 4 應用程式和工作階段 ==

當您開始 KDE 4 的開發時，通常您有三個選擇：
* 您可以在目前桌面環境中[[Getting_Started/Set_up_KDE_4_for_development_(zh_TW)#啟動 KDE 4 應用程式|以獨立於其他程式的方式執行 KDE 4 應用程式]]。
* 您可以在目前桌面環境中[[Getting_Started/Set_up_KDE_4_for_development_(zh_TW)#嵌套 KDE 4 工作階段|嵌入一個 KDE 4 工作階段]]。
* 您可以在您的機器上[[Getting_Started/Set_up_KDE_4_for_development_(zh_TW)#唯一的 KDE 4 工作階段|執行 KDE 4 作為唯一的桌面環境]]。

隨後的章節會描述這三種選擇。

{{Note_(zh_TW)|
如果您在執行任何 KDE 4 應用程式時遇到錯誤，例如：
  Qt: Session management error: Could not open network socket
  QMutex::lock: Deadlock detected in thread -1241241936 
或在運行 startkde 的時候卡住，請閱讀[http://www.nabble.com/QMutex::lock:-Deadlock-detected---running-KDE4-apps-%22using-the-normal-shell%22-t3584446.html 這篇文章]來繞過這個問題。
}}

=== 啟動 KDE 4 應用程式 ===
==== 在普通的 shell 裡使用 sux ====

使用這個方法需要 '''sux''' 工具(http://fgouget.free.fr/sux/sux-readme.shtml )。'''sux''' 在大多數發行版上都有提供。當然你也可以參考下一篇的'' 在普通的 shell 裡不用 sux''文件。'''sux''' 可以讓您用一種干淨而簡潔的方式在切換到其他使用者帳號時隱式地管理 X 轉發（認證和顯示輸出）。

登錄時請輸入 <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sux - kde-devel</syntaxhighlight>

您的{{path|[[Getting_Started/Increased_Productivity_in_KDE4_with_Scripts/.bashrc|.bashrc]]}}腳本將幫助您正確地建立所有環境變量和其他相關配置。如果要啟動一個應用程式，只需簡單地輸入程式名稱；例如 

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">kwrite</syntaxhighlight>

{{Note_(zh_TW)|
如果您遇到諸如 MIME 類型丟失的錯誤，請嘗試：
* 執行 <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">unset XDG_DATA_DIRS ; kbuildsycoca4</syntaxhighlight>
}}

==== 在普通的 shell 裡不用 sux ====
啟動 KDE 4 應用程式最簡單的方法是使用 <tt>su</tt> 登錄 <tt>kde-devel</tt> 使用者，然後從命令列啟動程式。請輸入以下文字登錄

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">su - kde-devel</syntaxhighlight>

然後，輸入你的密碼

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">export DISPLAY=:0</syntaxhighlight>

{{Note_(zh_TW)|必須導入<tt>DISPLAY</tt>變數，這樣 KDE 4 程式才能在 KDE 3 桌面顯示並運行。}}

所有的環境變數和其他設定應該參照下面的連接設置正確{{path|[[Getting_Started/Increased_Productivity_in_KDE4_with_Scripts/.bashrc|.bashrc]]}}。如果想要啟動一個程式只需要簡單輸入程序的名字就可以了;例如
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">kwrite</syntaxhighlight>

{{Note_(zh_TW)|
If you get errors about missing mimetypes or such, try the following:
* run <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">unset XDG_DATA_DIRS ; kbuildsycoca4</syntaxhighlight>
}}
{{Note_(zh_TW)|
If you get an error about not being able to connect to an X server, be sure to issue
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo xhost +local:kde-devel</syntaxhighlight>
as your regular KDE 3 user to ensure that the application can connect to your current X session.

Although your X server should accept incoming TCP connections, this is often switched off as a distribution default (like with Kubuntu Feisty). When using <tt>kdm</tt> you must edit <tt>/etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc</tt> as root and make sure it does not contain:
<syntaxhighlight lang="text">ServerArgsLocal=-nolisten tcp</syntaxhighlight>
Once you have fixed this, you will need to restart your X server. The <tt>xhost</tt> command should no longer return an "unable to open display" error.

For convenience, you should put this in the Autostart of your regular user. To do this, create a new file in the <tt>$HOME/.kde/Autostart</tt> directory of your regular user with the following content:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
#! /bin/sh
xhost +local:kde-devel
</syntaxhighlight>
Make sure that the new file is executable by using <tt>chmod +x</tt> on it.

If you'd like to find out more about the '''security issues''' involved with using <tt>xhost</tt>, see [http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/matic/xsecur.htm this article]
}}

==== 使用 SSH ====

The simplest way to run a KDE 4 application with SSH in your current desktop environment is to get an X-aware shell prompt as the <tt>kde-devel</tt> user like this:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">ssh -X kde-devel@localhost</syntaxhighlight>
Now you can launch KDE apps as usual, for example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">kwrite</syntaxhighlight>
The two lines can be conveniently combined:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">ssh -X kde-devel@localhost kwrite</syntaxhighlight>

{{Note_(zh_TW)|
If this gives you any errors, try the troubleshooting tips from the section above.
}}

===== 無密碼登入 =====
Before anything serious can be done using this method, a passwordless login needs to be set up. To start, run the following command as the regular desktop user:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">ssh-keygen -t rsa</syntaxhighlight>
Hit enter three times to accept the path of {{path|~/.ssh/id_rsa}} and an empty passphrase. Now, copy the single line in {{path|~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}} that's printed after running this command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</syntaxhighlight>
After that line is copied, <tt>ssh</tt> back into the <tt>kde-devel</tt> user and put the copied line in the file {{path|$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys}}:
 ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/kwrite \
  $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Paste in the line, save the file, and quit KWrite. Now try running KWrite again with the same SSH command; you shouldn't have to enter a password anymore:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/kwrite</syntaxhighlight>

{{warning_(zh_TW)|Using a passwordless SSH login has certain '''security risks''', so make sure you protect your <tt>~/.ssh/id_rsa</tt> file by restricting access to it with 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">chmod og-xrw ~/.ssh/id_rsa</syntaxhighlight>(although the file should have these permissions when it is created)}}

===== SSH 桌面檔案 =====
If you want to be able to launch apps more easily than running them with an SSH command from the command line, one way is to create <tt>.desktop</tt> files that <tt>ssh</tt> into the other account. 
{{Note_(zh_TW)|This will only be useful if your desktop environment supports .desktop files, but at least KDE and GNOME do.}}

You can start with an existing .desktop file as a template (like one from your desktop) or you can make one from scratch. The main idea is to prefix the command being run with this string:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/
</syntaxhighlight>

A simple .desktop file that runs KWrite would have the following contents:

<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
[Desktop Entry]
Categories=Qt;KDE;TextEditor;
Comment=
DocPath=kwrite/index.html
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=ssh -X kde-devel@localhost /home/kde-devel/kde/bin/kwrite %U
GenericName=Text Editor
Icon=kwrite
InitialPreference=8
MimeType=text/plain
Name=KWrite (kde-devel)
Path=
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
TerminalOptions=
Type=Application
X-DBUS-StartupType=Multi
X-DCOP-ServiceType=non
X-KDE-StartupNotify=true
X-KDE-SubstituteUID=false
X-KDE-Username=
</syntaxhighlight>

{{tip_(zh_TW)|Apps launched using SSH like this don't trigger the correct launch responses, so you probably want to disable "launch feedback" for your .desktop files}}

{{note_(zh_TW)|In order to create a .desktop file for a KDE 4 app by using this pattern, the app's package will have to have been installed into <tt>~/kde/bin</tt> using the <tt>cmakekde</tt> command}}

=== 啟動 KDE 4 工作階段 ===
==== 嵌套 KDE 4 工作階段 ====
    {|align="right" 
    |[[image:Snapshot1.png|right|thumb|200px|Nested]]
    |}
Instead of using a full-blown new virtual X for developing software you can use Xephyr to embed your KDE 4 session into your working KDE 3 or other X11 environment.

You can also do this with xnest, but as xnest cannot handle extensions like Render many people prefer Xephyr.

If you want to get a minimal KDE session up and running, just launch Xephyr (available in Kubuntu as xserver-xephyr; Gentoo users compile x11-base/xorg-server with USE="kdrive"):

 Xephyr :1 -extension GLX &

You can now launch KDE:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
su - $USER
export DISPLAY=:1
/path/to/kde4/bin/startkde-modified &
</syntaxhighlight>

startkde-modified is a copy of the startkde-script which includes the following lines on the top:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
export KDEDIR=`kde4-config --prefix`
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$KDEDIR/lib
export PATH=$KDEDIR/bin/:$PATH
export KDEHOME=~/.kde4
</syntaxhighlight>

You can also use Xephyr with KDM via the Xdmcp protocol and simply a new KDE 4 session to KDM.
 
On Kubuntu, you can enable it by changing

<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
[Xdmcp]
# Whether KDM should listen to incoming XDMCP requests.
# Default is true
Enable=false
</syntaxhighlight>

in {{path|/etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc}} to

<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
[Xdmcp]
# Whether KDM should listen to incoming XDMCP requests.
# Default is true
Enable=true
</syntaxhighlight>

and adjust your {{path|/etc/kde3/kdm/Xaccess}} to allow your local machine access. Additionally you should make sure to set up a port blocking policy on all external interfaces for the Xdmcp port if you are doing this on a laptop or a PC in an untrusted environment.
 
If you are done, simply launch Xephyr:
 
 Xephyr -query localhost :1 -host-cursor -screen 1024x768&

where <tt>-host-cursor</tt> tries to reuse the host's cursor and <tt>-screen</tt> sets the screen dimensions.

Note: If you get lots of refused connection errors, you might want to use the -ac option of Xephyr. For example:

 Xephyr -ac :1&

Another option to try if you get lots of refused connection errors is you may need to grant assess to your kde-devel user to your X server.  As root or using sudo execute:

 xhost +local:kde-devel

If you do not have Xephyr, you can also use Xnest:

 Xnest -ac :1& export DISPLAY=:1

<BR>
-----
{{improve}}
[[User:Sping|Sping]] 00:25, 9 April 2007 (CEST)<BR>
I use this for my start script ''nested_kde4.sh'':

 #! /bin/bash
 NESTED_KDE_DISPLAY_BACKUP=$DISPLAY
 export DISPLAY=:0
 Xephyr :1 -screen 1024x768 &
 export DISPLAY=:1
 $HOME/kde/bin/startkde-modified &
 export DISPLAY=${NESTED_KDE_DISPLAY_BACKUP}

If you run into

 "Call to lnusertemp failed (temporary directories full?).
  Check your installation."

try this:

 mkdir /var/tmp/kde-devel-kde4

The above code assumes you work with user ''kde-devel''.
{{Note_(zh_TW)|In most cases you have to replace ''startkde-modified'' with ''startkde''}}
-----

==== 唯一的 KDE 4 工作階段 ====
    {|align="right" 
    |[[image:solitary.png|right|thumb|200px|Solitary]]
    |}
To run a full KDE 4 desktop environment session, you can either start it from the command line as you normally would, with something like this:

 X :1 & export DISPLAY=:1
 startkde

{{Note_(zh_TW)|If the X server refuses the connection saying something like: <tt>Xlib: connection to ":1.0" refused by server</tt>, try <tt>X -ac :1</tt> instead.}}

or you can can add it to your login manager. If you are using KDM (or a compatible login manager) this is done by creating a .desktop file in either {{path|`kde-config --prefix`/share/apps/kdm/sessions/}} or in {{path|/usr/share/xsessions/}}. The easiest thing to do is to copy an existing {{path|kde.desktop}} file and name it {{path|kde4.desktop}}. Open this new .desktop file in a text editor and change the <tt>Exec</tt>, <tt>TryExec</tt> and <tt>Name</tt> entries to look something like this:

<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
Exec=$HOME/kde/bin/startkde
TryExec=$HOME/kde/bin/startkde
Name=KDE4
</syntaxhighlight>

Replace {{path|$HOME/kde}} in the example above with the prefix you are installing KDE4 into.

After restarting the login manager (<tt>Alt+e</tt> in KDM) this new entry should appear in the sessions menu.

You might have to edit your startkde scripts, 
ie: change

this
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">kdehome=$HOME/.kde</syntaxhighlight>
to this
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">kdehome=$HOME/.kde4</syntaxhighlight>
or paste this
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
export KDEDIR=`kde4-config --prefix`
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$KDEDIR/lib
export PATH=$KDEDIR/bin/:$PATH
export KDEHOME=~/.kde4
</syntaxhighlight>
on top.

{{Note_(zh_TW)|You should have path to 'qdbus' program (usually it is $QTDIR/bin) in your $PATH to login successfully. If it is not there, you'll get an error message "Could not start DBus. Check your installation."}}

== 開發任務 ==
=== KDevelop ===

This section will explain how to use KDevelop 3.4 to develop KDE 4 applications. If you have any questions, corrections or rants about this section, please post them on the discussion page.

==== 事前需求====

You need at least KDevelop 3.4 for this, which is still a KDE 3 application. Versions lower than 3.4 do not have Qt 4 support among other things. The KDE 4 version of KDevelop is not yet ready for serious development. You can get KDevelop at the [http://www.kdevelop.org/index.html?filename=3.4/download.html KDevelop homepage]. Make sure you install KDevelop like all other KDE 3 applications, '''not''' with your ''kde-devel'' user. 

You also need the lastest ''GDB'' version, which is currently 6.6.0.
Note that the GDB version which is shipped with '''openSuse 10.3 is broken''', it constantly crashes when examining variables (which KDevelop does automatically). Use the GDB version from [http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/amilcarlucas/openSUSE_10.3/ this repository] instead.

You need to have the kdelibs API documentation locally, which is described in the [[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4#Generating_local_API_documentation|build instructions]].

You also need ''ctags'', ''htdig'', ''htmerge'' and ''htsearch''. ''valgrind'' and ''callgrind'' can also be useful.

Be sure you followed the steps in the KDE 4 [[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4|build instructions]] and have a working KDE 4 environment.  Make sure simple KDE 4 applications like ''Konsole'' or ''KWrite'' can be started from the command line of the ''kde-devel'' user without problems. 

The following steps are all done with the ''kde-devel'' user. You need to login as that user by typing 
 su - kde-devel

==== 建立環境 ====

KDevelop has no native support for CMake projects. Fortunately, CMake has the ability to generate KDevelop project files itself. In order to do this, you need to pass the ''-GKDevelop3'' flag to the ''cmake'' command. This tells CMake to generate project files for KDevelop alongside the normal makefiles. The best way to do this is to modify your ''cmakekde'' function in your [[Getting_Started/Increased_Productivity_in_KDE4_with_Scripts/.bashrc|{{path|.bashrc}}]]. Just change
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cmake $srcFolder -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$KDEDIR \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull&& \
make && \
make install;
</syntaxhighlight>
to
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cmake $srcFolder -GKDevelop3 -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$KDEDIR \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull&& \
make && \
make install;
</syntaxhighlight>

After you have done that, re-login so that the changes to the {{path|.bashrc}} file take effect. Then you need to rerun ''cmakekde'' in the (root) build directory of the project you want to work on with KDevelop (if you didn't use ''-GKDevelop3'' on the [[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4#Setting_up_the_environment|building step]]). For example, if you want to work on Konsole, which lives in ''kdebase'', you need to run cmakekde in the {{path|$KDE_BUILD/KDE/kdebase}} directory. This unfortunately completely rebuilds everything, but only once when you change the generator.

Since all environment variables of the kde-devel user are KDE 4 specific, these need to be set back to match your KDE 3 environment before starting KDevelop.
A simple way to do this is to add the following function to your {{path|.bashrc}}:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
function start3app {
  mkdir -p /tmp/$USER-kde
  export PATH=/opt/kde3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games 
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH= 
  export KDETMP=/tmp/$USER-kde 
  export KDEVARTMP=/var/tmp/$USER-kde 
  export KDEHOME=$HOME/.kde 
  export KDEDIR=/usr 
  export KDEDIRS=$KDEDIR 
  export DISPLAY=:0 
  eval "$@"
  source $HOME/.bashrc   #Reset environment variables again
}
</syntaxhighlight>

The ''PATH'' and ''LD_LIBRARY_PATH'' variables are taken from the KDE 3 user, and they may be different on your system. Type <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">echo $PATH</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="bash">echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH</syntaxhighlight> as normal KDE 3 user to get these values. The above function assumes that KDE 3 is installed in the {{path|/usr}} prefix, as it is the case on Debian-based systems. If your KDE 3 is installed to a different prefix, you need to change the line setting ''KDEDIR'' accordingly. Here's an example how you find out your KDE installation prefix; in this example it is /opt/kde3:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
kde-config --prefix
/opt/kde3
</syntaxhighlight>

Now you should be able to start KDevelop by typing <tt>start3app kdevelop</tt>. Do that now.

{{tip_(zh_TW)|
You can start any KDE 3 application with the <tt>start3app</tt> function. Useful candidates include ''Kompare'' and ''kdesvn''.

However, you can not start ''KDbg'' this way to debug KDE 4 applications, since then the environment variables for the debugged application are wrong.
}}
<!--
{{tip_(zh_TW)|
Instead of starting KDevelop by using the ''start3app'' script as ''kde-devel'' user, you can also use the KDE run dialog ''(Alt+F2)'' to start KDevelop:

[[Image:Minicli.png]]

This starts KDevelop as ''kde-devel'' user but uses the environment variables of the normal user, just like the ''start3app'' script does.
}}
-->

===== 疑難排解 =====

'''Symptome:''' kdevelop says "cannot talk to klauncher". You cannot open a file.

'''Solution:''' add your KDE library path to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, e.g.:
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/kde3/lib

==== 建立 KDevelop ====

Now that KDevelop has started, you need to adjust a few settings. Go to ''Settings->Configure KDevelop...->Documentation'' for this. Remove all entries that are not relevant to KDE 4 coding.

{{note_(zh_TW)|Although environment variables like $HOME are used in this section, you should replace them with real paths because KDevelop does not resolve environment variables.}}

Optionally, you can add the kdelibs API documentation. You must [[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4#Generating_local_API_documentation|create it beforehand]]. Then add the documentation by clicking ''Add...''. In this dialog, use the following settings:
* ''Type'': Doxygen Documentation Collection (needs to be set first)
* ''Location'': {{path|$KDE_SRC/KDE/kdelibs/kdelibs-apidocs/index.html}}

Now add the Qt API documentation, which also must be [[Getting_Started/Build/KDE4/Prerequisites#Generating_local_API_documentation|created beforehand]], using the following settings:
* ''Type'': Qt Documentation Collection (needs to be set first)
* ''Location'': {{path|$HOME/qt-copy/doc/html/qt.dcf}}

After you have added kdelibs and Qt API documentation, make sure all checkboxes (''TOC'',''Index'' and ''Search'') are enabled. Then, go to the ''Full Text Search'' tab and make sure the paths to the ''htdig'', ''htmerge'' and ''htsearch'' executables are correct. You can then close the settings dialog.

Now it is time to open the project you want to work on by clicking ''Project->Open Project...''. The project files are located in the build directory. For example, if you want to work on Konsole, you need to open {{path|$KDE_BUILD/KDE/kdebase/apps/konsole/konsole.kdevelop}}. You now need to adjust a few project-specific settings in ''Project->Project Options''. You need to do this every time you start to work on a different project.

{{note_(zh_TW)|
Sometimes, a KDevelop project file is not present for the folder you want to work on.

This can have several reasons, it depends on how the CMake files are written. Usually, CMake files which have a <tt>project(projectname)</tt> statement in them should work fine. Once you are familiar enough with CMake, you can try adding the statement.

A workaround for this is to simply use the KDevelop project file of the parent folder, or even higher. In this case, you need to use the <tt>Make Active Directory</tt> entry in the context menu of the <tt>File Selector</tt> sidetab. With this, you can ignore the other unwanted folders when building and installing.
}}

* ''C++ Support->Code Completion''
:Here you need to add code completion databases for Qt and kdelibs, and more if you like, for example you might need a database for ''kdepimlibs'' when working on ''kdepim''.

:For kdelibs, click the ''Add...'' button and choose ''KDevelop Custom Directory PCS Importer'', then add your KDE include directory ({{path|$HOME/kde/include}}) to the list and proceed. You can use the file selection dialog and the ''Add'' button to add it. 

:Now, add the database for Qt 4 by selecting ''KDevelop Qt4 PCS Importer'' this time. You need to select the Qt 4 include directory, which is {{path|$HOME/qt-copy/include}}.

{{note_(zh_TW)|The Qt4 PCS Importer is only needed if you didn't install Qt4, i.e. you use it directly from the build directory. The drawback of using the Qt4 importer is that it doesn't show progress and the application seems to hang while it imports. The alternative is to use the Custom Directory PCS Importer for this too}}

* ''C++ Support->Qt Options''
:Check ''Enable Qt options'' and choose Qt4 as your version. Set the ''QMake Binary'' path to {{path|$HOME/qt-copy/bin/qmake}}. Then choose ''Qt 4 style'' as ''Qt include syntax''. Use {{path|$HOME/qt-copy/bin/designer}} as ''Designer Binary''. Make sure to use the ''Change Plugin Paths'' dialog to add the plugin directory from KDE so you see the KDE widgets when designer is started. To do this add {{path|$HOME/kde/lib/kde4/plugins}} to the lineedit and then click the ''Add'' button.

* ''Run Options''
:Make sure you use the correct binary as ''Executable''. For example, if you want to run Konsole, this is {{path|$KDE_BUILD/KDE/kdebase/apps/konsole/src/konsole}}. You should add ''--nofork'' to the ''Debug Arguments'' or debugging some applications like ''KMail'' will not work at all.

:Because the ''start3app'' functions changes some environment variables, you need to change them back here so the KDE 4 applications can be run without problems from within KDevelop.
:For some applications, like Konsole, this is not strictly necessary, but others like KMail will crash if you do not change this.
:Simply click the ''Add / Copy'' button to add new environment variables. You will need the following, which are the same as in your [[Getting_Started/Increased_Productivity_in_KDE4_with_Scripts/.bashrc|{{path|.bashrc}}]]:

:{| border="1"
|-
! Name
! Value
|-
| KDEHOME
| $HOME/.kde4
|-
| PATH
| $KDEDIR/bin:$QTDIR/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
|-
| LD_LIBRARY_PATH
| $KDEDIR/lib:$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|-
| KDETMP
| /tmp/$USER-kde4
|-
| KDEVARTMP
| /var/tmp/$USER-kde4
|-
| KDEDIR
| $HOME/kde
|-
| KDEDIRS
| $KDEDIR
|-
| LD_BIND_NOW
| 42
|}



* ''Build Options->Build''
:Make sure the correct build directory is selected. Again, for Konsole, this would be {{path|$KDE_BUILD/KDE/kdebase/apps/konsole}}.

* ''Build Options->Make''
:You might want to check ''Abort on first error''. You also might want to add ''VERBOSE='' or ''VERBOSE=1'' to ''Additional make options'' to control the level of verbosity for the build process.

:If you have more than one processor or if you have access to an icecream cluster, you might want to check the ''Run multiple jobs'' option and set the ''Number of simultaneous jobs'' to the number of available processors. This increases the compile speed. It is the same as the <tt>-j</tt> option for ''make''.

* ''Formatting''
:You should set all options here to match the coding style of the project you are working on.

* ''CTags->General''
:You need to correctly set the ''Path to ctags binary'', which is {{path|/usr/bin/ctags}} on Debian-based systems. 

:You probably want to enable the <tt>When more than one hit, go directly to the first</tt> option.

Now you have finished adjusting your project-specific settings. Now you should remove some plugins you do not need, in ''Settings->Configure Plugins...''. I for example disable the following plugins: 

<small>Abbreviation Expansion, Code Snippets, Doxygen Support, Embedded Konsole, File Tree, '''Final Packaging Support''', "Open with" Menu Addon, QuickOpen, Regular Expression Tester, Scripting, '''Security Checker''', Shell Filtering and Insertion, Text Structure and Tools Menu Addition.</small>

You should at least disable the bold ones.

Now, open any source file if none is open already. This will enable the ''Settings->Configure Editor...'' entry, where you need to set the tab options to match the tab style used by the project you are working on. The important settings are:
* ''Appearance->Borders->Show line numbers'': Should be checked.
* ''Appearance->Borders->Show icon border'': Should be checked.
* ''Editing->Tabulators'' 
* ''Editing->Static Word Wrap->Show marker'': Should be checked
* ''Indentation->Automatic Indentation->Indentation mode'': Should be ''C Style''
* ''Indentation'' in general

In the mainwindow, click the ''CTags'' tab on the bottom tabbar, then click the ''Regenerate'' button to create a CTags database for easier source code navigation.

Now you have completed all essential configuration, congratulations!

==== 使用 KDevelop ====

Refer to the [http://docs.kde.org/development/en/kdevelop/kdevelop/ KDevelop manual] for general help using KDevelop. The following section will only deal with special cases for KDE 4.

===== 除錯 =====

KDE apps have many symbols, which means that you need a lot of memory to get a decent loading times for debugging. To quote a GDB developer: "I would be reluctant to debug KDE on something with <1GB RAM."
If the stepping function of the debugger is slow for you, try the following tips:
* Hide local variables. The <tt>Locals</tt> part of the variable tab on the left causes a big slowdown when stepping if you have many local variables. Simple collapse the <tt>Locals</tt> part of the tree, the local variables are then not updated every step. You can still examine variables by using the <tt>Evaluate expression</tt> function.
* Use the patch at http://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=143977. It prevents the update of the framestack widget at each step, speeding up stepping considerably. The patch introduces some minor glitches, which is why it is not yet commited.

{{Note_(zh_TW)|
KDevelop does not yet support modifing the CMake build system. This means you can not use KDevelop to add or remove files from the project or to change any other aspect of your project's build process.

You need to modify the CMake files by hand and then rerun <tt>cmakekde</tt> instead. Read the [[Development/Tutorials/CMake_(zh_TW)|CMake tutorial]] to learn how to do this.
}}

{{tip_(zh_TW)|When you work on libraries, you first need to install them before you can test or debug your changes. 
Since this is cumbersome and time consuming, you should create symlinks ''(ln -s)'' pointing from the build directory to the installation directory for all affected libraries. 

Often, even simple programs use libraries internally, for example the settings dialog of Konsole is really a library.}}

=== Eclipse ===

    {|align="right" 
    |[[image:Snapshot-eclipse.png|right|thumb|200px|KDE4's ktimetracker loaded as eclipse project]]
    |}
This describes how to use Eclipse to develop KDE 4 applications. It has been tested with Eclipse Ganymed and SUSE Linux 11.1 but should work same or similar with every combination. As an example KDE application we use [http://userbase.kde.org/ktimetracker ktimetracker] from the kdepim module, other applications short work analog.

Using this description you will be able to
* update your working copy of KDE source code using the command svn
* build your KDE module using cmake
* build your KDE application from within eclipse using make
* compile and run your application with one click from eclipse
* get auto-completion when editing KDE source code
* have an overview and navigation about your classes within eclipse
* have call trees for your functions

==== Set up Eclipse with KDE  ====

* Check your requirements
: Trying with a virtual machine [[User:Tstaerk|I]] had problems starting Eclipse with less than 1 GB RAM. After assigning 3 GB RAM to my virtual machine, Eclipse finally started. 

* Install eclipse

: Download Eclipse IDE for C/C++ developers from http://www.eclipse.org. We unpack it to /home/user/eclipse. 

* Install the CDT

: Download the Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers (68 MB) from http://www.eclipse.org/cdt/ and unpack it into your eclipse folder, in our case /home/user/eclipse. 

* Download kdepim

: As said, we use kdepim as example here. So, download ("checkout") kdepim using svn, e.g. as anonymous: 
 svn co svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/KDE/kdepim
: We assume you checked out into /home/user/kdepim. 

* Compile kdepim

: Compile kdepim so the usual makefiles are present for all kdepim applications. If you have problems doing this, follow our [[Getting Started/Build/KDE4|build instructions]] 

* Import your project into eclipse

: Surprise: To import your project, you should not use "File -&gt; Import". Rather do: File -> New -> C++ Project -> Makefile project -> Empty Project -> un-tag "use default location" -> choose /home/user/kdepim/ktimetracker. Call it "ktimetracker".

* Build your project
: Make sure Project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Builder Settings -> Build location -> Build directory is set correctly.
: Choose Project -> Build Project

* Run the project
: Choose Project -> Properties -> Run/Debug Settings -> New. As project, enter ''ktimetracker'', as C/C++ Application, enter /home/user/kdepim/ktimetracker/ktimetracker. Choose Apply -> Ok -> Ok. Now you can click on the "Run" button and start it.

==== Know-How ====

===== Custom builders =====

If you want to integrate the cmake build step into your build toolchain, you will need to 
* create a custom ''builder'' like this:
 cat >/bin/eclipsebuild<<EOF
 cmake . && make -j4 && make install
 EOF
 chmod 777 /bin/eclipsebuild

* Add your builder
: Choose Project -> Properties -> Builders. Un-tag all existing builders. Click "new" -> Program -> (name it "Builder for KDE"). -> Location: /bin/eclipsebuild -> Working directory /home/user/workspace/myproject1/kdepim.

* Build
: Now you can build your project. Every time after you restarted eclipse, choose myproject1 -> Project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Ok -> Project -> Build.

===== Revert what eclipse did =====

To revert what eclipse did to your project simply run
 rm -rf .externalToolBuilders/ .project .cproject

===== Why Subversion does not work =====

When using eclipse's svn plugin and building a KDE program, you will get error messages complaining that your svn binary is too old. If you want to try and change this, here's how you get to that error:

* Install the subversion plug-ins
: Help -> Software Updates -> Available Software -> Add Site -> http://download.eclipse.org/technology/subversive/0.7/update-site/ -> Add Site -> http://www.polarion.org/projects/subversive/download/eclipse/2.0/update-site/

: Now add it: Subversive Site -> Subversive SVN Team Provider Plugin 

: Subversive SVN Connectors Site -> Subversive SVN Connectors -> SVNKit 1.3.0 Implementation (Optional) 

* Click on Install

* Restart eclipse

* Import your KDE module
: Choose File -> New -> Other -> SVN -> Project from SVN -> https://svn.kde.org/home/kde/trunk/KDE/kdepim -> Check out as project configured using the New Project Wizard -> C++ Project -> Makefile Project -> Empty Project. As name, we choose kdepim5 -> Finish

* Set cmake as build environment
: Choose Project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Builder Settings. Un-tag "use default build command", set "cmake" instead. Choose Project -> Properties -> C/C++ Build -> Behavior. Replace "all" by ".".

==== 另見 ====

* http://javathreads.de/2008/07/subversion-unter-eclipse-ganymede-konfigurieren/
* http://nienhueser.de/blog/?p=19 

=== Qt Creator ===
這裡說明如何使用 Qt Creator 開發 KDE 4 應用程式。It has been tested with QtCreator 1.2.80 and SUSE Linux 11.1 but should work same or similar with every combination.我們使用來自 kdepim 模塊的[http://userbase.kde.org/ktimetracker ktimetracker]作為 KDE 應用程式的範例。

==== 載入現有專案 ====

我們使用 ktimetracker 作為範例專案。
* 匯入 CMakeLists.txt 檔案
File -> Open -> kdepim/CMakeLists.txt.
* 配置 Qt Creator 只建構 ktimetracker
Projects -> ktimetracker -> build settings -> Add a configuration ktimetracker.

As build directory choose /home/youruser/kdepim/ktimetracker. As arguments for cmake use ...

==== 開始 KDE 專案 ==== 
想要開始一個新的專案你需要告訴 Qt Creator 建構時使用 KDE 程式庫。因此，選擇 File -> New... 並創建您的專案。在這裡我們稱為''yourproject''。為了能夠使用 KDE 程式庫，在你的家目錄，cd 進入''yourproject''並修改 ''yourproject.pro''。加上
 LIBS += -lkdeui

[[Category:KDE4]]