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Gentoo requirements
You can use stable ebuilds just remember to sync your portage before you begin.
Remember: All commands are executed as root.
Required:
We need to allow the following keyword masked ebuilds.
echo 'dev-util/cmake' >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
echo 'dev-cpp/clucene' >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
Make sure you have set the berkdb USE flag for redland, otherwise nepomuk won't work.
echo 'dev-libs/redland berkdb' >> /etc/portage/package.use
echo 'x11-libs/qt accessibility' >> /etc/portage/package.use
These are the packages you will need to emerge, I included the update option into the emerge command so you will not re-emerge anything that you might already have installed.
emerge -avu 'sys-devel/gcc' \
'dev-util/subversion' \ 'dev-util/pkgconfig' \ 'x11-base/xorg-x11' \ 'virtual/glut' \ 'media-libs/mesa' \ 'media-libs/jpeg' \ 'media-libs/libpng' \ 'media-libs/giflib' \ 'dev-cpp/clucene' \ 'dev-util/cppunit' \ 'media-libs/liblrdf' \ 'dev-libs/libxml2' \ 'dev-libs/libxslt' \ 'x11-misc/shared-mime-info' \ 'dev-libs/boost' \ 'dev-util/cmake' \ 'dev-libs/redland' \ 'sys-apps/dbus' \ 'sys-apps/hal' \ 'x11-libs/qt'
You will also need to emerge either 'kde-base/kdesdk' or kde-base/kdesdk-scripts'.
If you emerged DBUS, CMAKE, QT or HAL you may skip those sections respectively. Good luck!
The latest information about kde4 in gentoo can be found on http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/desktop/kde/kde4.xml
kde4 now is in the official portage tree, although it is still hard masked (will probably change soon). kde3 and kde4 can be be both installed at the same time.
You will need to unmask them (see previous link) and then install it the usual way. As the future for kde in gentoo is to use "split" packages, the best bet is to go with
emerge -avD kde-base/kde-meta:kde-4