Development/Tutorials/Porting to D-Bus: Difference between revisions

    From KDE TechBase
    (getting there)
    (misc. cleanups. use qt instead of class for the Qt stuff, add class templates where needed, and use <code> instead of ~pp~)
    Line 1: Line 1:
    == Compiling D-Bus ==
    == Compiling D-Bus ==
    The KDE libraries require D-Bus version 0.62 at least. See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software_2fdbus for the latest release.
    The KDE libraries require D-Bus version 0.62 at least. See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus for the latest release.


    To compile:
    To compile:
    Line 46: Line 46:
    To use teambuilder to distribute the build: pass {{program|cmake}} the flags
    To use teambuilder to distribute the build: pass {{program|cmake}} the flags
    <code>
    <code>
    -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/g++
    -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/gcc
    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/g++
    </code>
    </code>


    To use icecream to distribute the build: pass {{program|cmake}} the flags
    To use icecream to distribute the build: pass {{program|cmake}} the flags
    <code>
    <code>
    -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/g++
    -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/gcc  
    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/g++
    </code>
    </code>


    == Porting existing DCOP code ==
    == Porting existing DCOP code ==
    === Usage of DCOPClient ===
    === Usage of DCOPClient ===
    The most direct replacement of {{program|DCOPClient}} are [http://developer.kde.org/~thiago/QtDBus/qdbusconnection.html|QDBusConnection] and [http://developer.kde.org/~thiago/QtDBus/qdbusbusservice.html|QDBusBusService]. The convenience method QDBus::sessionBus() usually replaces all occurrences of KApplication::dcopClient().
    The most direct replacement of {{class|DCOPClient}} are {{qt|QDBusConnection}} and {{qt|QDBusBusService}}. The convenience method QDBus::sessionBus() usually replaces all occurrences of KApplication::dcopClient().


    The methods in {{class|DCOPClient}} that are related to listing existing applications on the bus are in {{class|QDBusBusService}} (which you can access with QDBus::sessionBus().busService()).
    The methods in {{class|DCOPClient}} that are related to listing existing applications on the bus are in {{qt|QDBusBusService}} (which you can access with QDBus::sessionBus().busService()).


    === Hand-written calls using DCOPClient ===
    === Hand-written calls using DCOPClient ===
    DCOPClient has a "call" method that takes two {{class|QByteArray}}'s containing the data to be transmitted and the data that was received. The most direct replacement for this is using [http://developer.kde.org/~thiago/QtDBus/qdbusmessage.html QDBusMessage] and QDBusConnection::send or sendWithReply. You most likely don't want to use that.
    DCOPClient has a "call" method that takes two {{qt|QByteArray}}'s containing the data to be transmitted and the data that was received. The most direct replacement for this is using {{qt|QDBusMessage}} and QDBusConnection::send or sendWithReply. You most likely don't want to use that.


    Instead, drop the {{class|QByteArray}} and {{class|QDataStream}} variables and use the dynamic call mode (see next section).
    Instead, drop the {{qt|QByteArray}} and {{qt|QDataStream}} variables and use the dynamic call mode (see next section).


    === Calls using DCOPRef and DCOPReply ===
    === Calls using DCOPRef and DCOPReply ===
    The direct replacement for {{class|DCOPRef}} is {{class|QDBusInterfacePtr}}, which is just a wrapper around [http://developer.kde.org/~thiago/QtDBus/qdbusinterface.html QDBusInterface]. The replacement for [http://developer.kde.org/~thiago/QtDBus/qdbusreply.html|QDBusReply].
    The direct replacement for {{class|DCOPRef}} is {{qt|QDBusInterfacePtr}}, which is just a wrapper around {{qt|QDBusInterface}}. The replacement for {{qt|QDBusReply}}.


    However, there are some important differences to be noticed:
    However, there are some important differences to be noticed:
    * {{class|QDBusInterface}} is not "cheap": it constructs an entire {{class|QObject}}. So, if you can, store the value somewhere for later reuse.
    * {{qt|QDBusInterface}} is not "cheap": it constructs an entire {{qt|QObject}}. So, if you can, store the value somewhere for later reuse.
    * QDBusReply is a template class, so you must know ahead of time what your reply type is.
    * {{qt|QDBusReply}} is a template class, so you must know ahead of time what your reply type is.
    * If you create a {{class|QDBusInterface}} without specifying the third argument (the interface name), this will generate a round-trip to the remote application and will allocate non-shared memory. So, wherever possible, use the interface name to make it cached.
    * If you create a {{qt|QDBusInterface}} without specifying the third argument (the interface name), this will generate a round-trip to the remote application and will allocate non-shared memory. So, wherever possible, use the interface name to make it cached.


    Sample code in DCOP:
    Sample code in DCOP:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
        DCOPRef kded("kded", "favicons")
    DCOPRef kded("kded", "favicons")
        DCOPReply reply = kded.call("iconForURL(KUrl)", url);
    DCOPReply reply = kded.call("iconForURL(KUrl)", url);
        QString icon;
    QString icon;
        if (reply.isValid())
    if (reply.isValid())
            reply.get(icon);
        reply.get(icon);
        return icon;
    return icon;
    </code>
    </code>


    Sample code in D-Bus:
    Sample code in D-Bus:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
        QDBusInterfacePtr kded("org.kde.kded",
    QDBusInterfacePtr kded("org.kde.kded", "/modules/favicons",    
    "/modules/favicons", "org.kde.FaviconsModule");
                          "org.kde.FaviconsModule");
        QDBusReply<QString> reply = kded->call("iconForURL", url.url());
    QDBusReply<QString> reply = kded->call("iconForURL", url.url());
        return reply;
    return reply;
    </code>
    </code>


    Things to note in the code:
    Things to note in the code:
    * use the 3-argument version of {{class|QDBusInterfacePtr}}. The interface name you can usually obtain by calling "interfaces" on the existing DCOP object (in this case, "dcop kded favicons interfaces").
    # use the 3-argument version of {{qt|QDBusInterfacePtr}}. The interface name you can usually obtain by calling "interfaces" on the existing DCOP object (in this case, "dcop kded favicons interfaces").
    * the "application id" becomes a "service name" and it should start with "org.kde"
    # the "application id" becomes a "service name" and it should start with "org.kde"
    * the "object id" becomes an "object path" and must start with a slash
    # the "object id" becomes an "object path" and must start with a slash
    * it's "kded->call", not "kded.call"
    # it's "kded->call", not "kded.call"
    * you don't write the function signature: just the function name
    # you don't write the function signature: just the function name
    * custom types are not supported (nor ever will be), so you need to convert them to basic types
    # custom types are not supported (nor ever will be), so you need to convert them to basic types


    D-Bus also supports multiple return values. You will normally not find this kind of construct in DCOP, since it didn't support that functionality. However, this may show up in the form of a struct being returned. In this case, you may want to use the functionality of multiple return arguments. You'll need to use {{class|QDBusMessage}} in this case:
    D-Bus also supports multiple return values. You will normally not find this kind of construct in DCOP, since it didn't support that functionality. However, this may show up in the form of a struct being returned. In this case, you may want to use the functionality of multiple return arguments. You'll need to use {{qt|QDBusMessage}} in this case:


    Sample;
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
        QDBusInterfacePtr interface("org.kde.myapp",
    QDBusInterfacePtr interface("org.kde.myapp", "/MyObject",
    "/MyObject", "org.kde.MyInterface");
                                "org.kde.MyInterface");
        QDBusMessage reply = interface->call("myFunction", argument1, argument2);
    QDBusMessage reply = interface->call("myFunction", argument1, argument2);
        if (reply.type() == QDBusMessage::ReplyMessage) {
    if (reply.type() == QDBusMessage::ReplyMessage)
            returnvalue1 = reply.at(0).toString();
    {
            returnvalue2 = reply.at(1).toInt();
        returnvalue1 = reply.at(0).toString();
        returnvalue2 = reply.at(1).toInt();
             /* etc. */
             /* etc. */
        }
    }
    </code>
    </code>


    === Use of DCOPObject ===
    ===Usage of DCOPObject===
    There is no direct replacement of {{class|DCOPObject}}. It's replaced by normal {{class|QObject}}, with or without an adaptor, with explicit registering. So, in order to port, you need to follow these steps:
    There is no direct replacement for {{class|DCOPObject}}. It's replaced by a normal {{qt|QObject}} with explict registering. You may use this new {{qt|QObject}} with or without an adaptor. So, in order to port, you need to follow these steps:


    * Remove the "virtual public DCOPObject" from the class declaration
    # Remove the "virtual public DCOPObject" from the class declaration
    * Replace the K_DCOP macro with Q_CLASSINFO("D-Bus
    # Replace the K_DCOP macro with Q_CLASSINFO("D-Bus Interface", "<interfacename>") where <interfacename> is the name of the interface you're declaring (generally, it'll be "org.kde" followed by the class name itself)
    Interface", "<interfacename>") where <interfacename> is the name of the interface you're declaring (generally, it'll be "org.kde" followed by the class name itself)
    # Remove the k_dcop method references.
    * Remove the k_dcop method references.
    # Make the methods that were DCOP-accessible scriptable slots. That is, you must make it:
    * Make the methods that were DCOP-accessible scriptable slots. That is, you must make it:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
      public Q_SLOTS:
    public Q_SLOTS:
         Q_SCRIPTABLE void methodName();
         Q_SCRIPTABLE void methodName();
    </code>
    </code>
    * Change "ASYNC" to "Q_NOREPLY void"
    # Change "ASYNC" to "Q_NOREPLY void"
    * Remove the call to the DCOPObject constructor in the class' constructor.
    # Remove the call to the DCOPObject constructor in the class' constructor.
    * Add the registering to the constructor.
    # Register the {{qt|QObject}} with D-Bus in the constructor.


    Note that the Q_CLASSINFO macro is case-sensitive. Do not misspell "D-Bus Interface" (that's capital I and D-Bus has a dash).
    Note that the Q_CLASSINFO macro is case-sensitive. Do not misspell "D-Bus Interface" (that's capital I and D-Bus has a dash).
    Line 132: Line 136:
    In order to register the object, you'll need to do:
    In order to register the object, you'll need to do:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
        QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("<object-path>", this,
    QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("<object-path>", this,  
    QDBusConnection::ExportSlots);
                                      QDBusConnection::ExportSlots);
    </code>
    </code>


    Normally, "<object-path>" will be the argument the class was passing to the DCOPObject constructor. Don't forget the leading slash. Another useful option to the third argument is QDBusConnection::ExportProperties, which will export the scriptable properties.
    Normally, "<object-path>" will be the argument the class was passing to the {{class|DCOPObject}} constructor. Don't forget the leading slash. Another useful option to the third argument is QDBusConnection::ExportProperties, which will export the scriptable properties.


    === Signals ===
    <h3>Signals</h3>
    DCOP had a broken support for signals. They were public methods, while normal signals in QObject are protected methods. The correct way to port is to refactor the code to support signals correctly.
    DCOP had broken support for signals. They were public methods, while normal signals in {{qt|QObject}} are protected methods. The correct way to port from DCOP signals is to refactor the code to support signals correctly.


    On the current version of QtDBus, you cannot use {{class|QDBusConnection::ExportSignals}}. This is a known limitation and will be fixed in the future. In order to use signals, you'll need to write an adaptor.
    On the current version of QtDBus, you cannot use QDBusConnection::ExportSignals. This is a known limitation and will be fixed in the future. In order to use signals, you'll need to write an adaptor.


    Adaptors are a special {{class|QObject}} that you attach to your normal {{class|QObject}} and whose sole purpose is to relay things to and from the bus. You'll generally use it to export more than one interface or when you need to translate the call arguments in any way.
    Adaptors are a special {{qt|QObject}} that you attach to your normal {{qt|QObject}} and whose sole purpose is to relay things to and from the bus. You'll generally use it to export more than one interface or when you need to translate the call arguments in any way.


    You'll declare it as:
    You'll declare it as:
    Line 160: Line 164:
    </code>
    </code>


    And the .cpp file will have:
    And the implementation will look like:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
    MyAdaptor::MyAdaptor(QObject *parent)
    MyAdaptor::MyAdaptor(QObject *parent)
        : QDBusAbstractAdaptor(parent)
    : QDBusAbstractAdaptor(parent)
    {
    {
         setAutoRelaySignals(true);
         setAutoRelaySignals(true);
    Line 175: Line 179:
    In the class using the adaptor, do this:
    In the class using the adaptor, do this:
    <code cpp>
    <code cpp>
        new MyAdaptor(this);
    new MyAdaptor(this);
        QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("/<object-path>", this,
    QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("/<object-path>", this,
    QDBusConnection::ExportAdaptors);
                                      QDBusConnection::ExportAdaptors);
    </code>
    </code>


    Things to notice:
    Things to notice:
    * MyAdaptor is not exported. This is a private class and the .h file should be a _p.h as well.
    * MyAdaptor is not exported. This is a private class and the .h file should be a _p.h as well.
    * There's no need to mark the signals Q_SCRIPTABLE. The same goes for slots and properties.
    * There's no need to mark the signals in the adaptor as Q_SCRIPTABLE. The same goes for the slots and properties in the adaptor
    * The "setAutoRelaySignals" function just connects all signals in "parent" to the signals of the same name and arguments in the adaptor.
    * The "setAutoRelaySignals" function just connects all signals in "parent" to the signals of the same name and arguments in the adaptor.
    * There's no need to store the adaptor pointer, it'll be deleted automatically when needed. Therefore, do not delete it and, especially, do NOT reparent it.
    * There's no need to store the adaptor pointer, it'll be deleted automatically when needed. Therefore, do not delete it and, especially, do '''not''' reparent it.
    * You can create more adaptors later, if you need. There's no need to re-register the object.
    * You can create more adaptors later, if you need. There's no need to re-register the object.


    === DCOP Transactions ===
    ===DCOP Transactions===
    DCOP had the capability of doing transactions: that is, delay the reply from a called method until later on. QtDBus has the same functionality, under a different name.
    DCOP had the capability of doing transactions: that is, delay the reply from a called method until later on. QtDBus has the same functionality, under a different name.


    Unlike DCOP, with QtDBus, you need a special parameter to your slot in order to receive the information about the call and set up the delayed reply. This parameter is of type "QDBusMessage" and must appear after the last input parameter. You declare that you want a delayed reply by creating a reply. You will be responsible for sending it later.
    Unlike DCOP, with QtDBus, you need a special parameter to your slot in order to receive the information about the call and set up the delayed reply. This parameter is of type {{qt|QDBusMessage}} and must appear after the last input parameter. You declare that you want a delayed reply by creating a reply. You will be responsible for sending it later.


    Sample DCOP code:
    Sample DCOP code:
    Line 226: Line 230:


    public Q_SLOTS:
    public Q_SLOTS:
         Q_SCRIPTABLE QString myMethod(const QString &arg1,
         Q_SCRIPTABLE QString myMethod(const QString &arg1, const QDBusMessage &msg)
    const QDBusMessage &msg)
         {
         {
             reply = QDBusMessage::methodReply(msg);
             reply = QDBusMessage::methodReply(msg);
    Line 242: Line 245:
    </code>
    </code>


    == Caveats when porting ==
    ==Caveats when porting==


    * You cannot pass "long" arguments, so remember to cast any WId parameters to qlonglong.
    * You cannot pass "long" arguments, so remember to cast any WId parameters to qlonglong.
    * KDED object paths should start with "/modules/" (i.e., /modules/kssld, /modules/favicons, etc.)
    * KDED object paths should start with "/modules/" (i.e., /modules/kssld, /modules/favicons, etc.)

    Revision as of 18:06, 4 March 2007

    Compiling D-Bus

    The KDE libraries require D-Bus version 0.62 at least. See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus for the latest release.

    To compile: % ./configure --disable-qt --disable-qt3 --prefix=$DBUSDIR % make % make install

    To run the D-Bus daemon, type the command: % eval `PATH=$DBUSDIR/bin $DBUSDIR/bin/dbus-launch --auto-syntax`

    Compiling QtDBus

    QtDBus depends on D-Bus.

    D-Bus is found using pkg-config, so if you did not install it to a standard path in the previous step, set the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable: % PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$DBUSDIR/lib/pkgconfig; export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

    Tip
    you may want to install QtDBUS to $DBUSDIR too.


    QtDBus now lives in kdesupport and uses cmake. It also requires you to have Qt 4.1.3 in order to compile (qt-copy has it). To compile it: % svn co $SVNROOT/trunk/kdesupport % cd $your_preferred_objdir % cmake $OLDPWD/kdesupport % make

    Compiling kdelibs

    Remember to set PKG_CONFIG_PATH to where you installed D-Bus to ($DBUSDIR/lib/pkgconfig), where you installed QtDBUS and where Qt is installed ($QTDIR/lib). This is necessary because QtDBUS depends on Qt and is found using pkg-config.

    Commands: % cd kdelibs % export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$DBUSDIR/lib/pkgconfig % cd $objdir % cmake $OLDPWD % make

    To use teambuilder to distribute the build: pass cmake the flags -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/teambuilder2/bin/g++

    To use icecream to distribute the build: pass cmake the flags -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/icecream/bin/g++

    Porting existing DCOP code

    Usage of DCOPClient

    The most direct replacement of DCOPClient are QDBusConnection and QDBusBusService. The convenience method QDBus::sessionBus() usually replaces all occurrences of KApplication::dcopClient().

    The methods in DCOPClient that are related to listing existing applications on the bus are in QDBusBusService (which you can access with QDBus::sessionBus().busService()).

    Hand-written calls using DCOPClient

    DCOPClient has a "call" method that takes two QByteArray's containing the data to be transmitted and the data that was received. The most direct replacement for this is using QDBusMessage and QDBusConnection::send or sendWithReply. You most likely don't want to use that.

    Instead, drop the QByteArray and QDataStream variables and use the dynamic call mode (see next section).

    Calls using DCOPRef and DCOPReply

    The direct replacement for DCOPRef is QDBusInterfacePtr, which is just a wrapper around QDBusInterface. The replacement for QDBusReply.

    However, there are some important differences to be noticed:

    • QDBusInterface is not "cheap": it constructs an entire QObject. So, if you can, store the value somewhere for later reuse.
    • QDBusReply is a template class, so you must know ahead of time what your reply type is.
    • If you create a QDBusInterface without specifying the third argument (the interface name), this will generate a round-trip to the remote application and will allocate non-shared memory. So, wherever possible, use the interface name to make it cached.

    Sample code in DCOP: DCOPRef kded("kded", "favicons") DCOPReply reply = kded.call("iconForURL(KUrl)", url); QString icon; if (reply.isValid())

       reply.get(icon);
    

    return icon;


    Sample code in D-Bus: QDBusInterfacePtr kded("org.kde.kded", "/modules/favicons",

                          "org.kde.FaviconsModule");
    

    QDBusReply<QString> reply = kded->call("iconForURL", url.url()); return reply;

    Things to note in the code:

    1. use the 3-argument version of QDBusInterfacePtr. The interface name you can usually obtain by calling "interfaces" on the existing DCOP object (in this case, "dcop kded favicons interfaces").
    2. the "application id" becomes a "service name" and it should start with "org.kde"
    3. the "object id" becomes an "object path" and must start with a slash
    4. it's "kded->call", not "kded.call"
    5. you don't write the function signature: just the function name
    6. custom types are not supported (nor ever will be), so you need to convert them to basic types

    D-Bus also supports multiple return values. You will normally not find this kind of construct in DCOP, since it didn't support that functionality. However, this may show up in the form of a struct being returned. In this case, you may want to use the functionality of multiple return arguments. You'll need to use QDBusMessage in this case:

    Sample; QDBusInterfacePtr interface("org.kde.myapp", "/MyObject",

                               "org.kde.MyInterface");
    

    QDBusMessage reply = interface->call("myFunction", argument1, argument2); if (reply.type() == QDBusMessage::ReplyMessage) {

       returnvalue1 = reply.at(0).toString();
       returnvalue2 = reply.at(1).toInt();
           /* etc. */
    

    }

    Usage of DCOPObject

    There is no direct replacement for DCOPObject. It's replaced by a normal QObject with explict registering. You may use this new QObject with or without an adaptor. So, in order to port, you need to follow these steps:

    1. Remove the "virtual public DCOPObject" from the class declaration
    2. Replace the K_DCOP macro with Q_CLASSINFO("D-Bus Interface", "<interfacename>") where <interfacename> is the name of the interface you're declaring (generally, it'll be "org.kde" followed by the class name itself)
    3. Remove the k_dcop method references.
    4. Make the methods that were DCOP-accessible scriptable slots. That is, you must make it:

    public Q_SLOTS:

       Q_SCRIPTABLE void methodName();
    

    1. Change "ASYNC" to "Q_NOREPLY void"
    2. Remove the call to the DCOPObject constructor in the class' constructor.
    3. Register the QObject with D-Bus in the constructor.

    Note that the Q_CLASSINFO macro is case-sensitive. Do not misspell "D-Bus Interface" (that's capital I and D-Bus has a dash).

    In order to register the object, you'll need to do: QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("<object-path>", this,

                                      QDBusConnection::ExportSlots);
    

    Normally, "<object-path>" will be the argument the class was passing to the DCOPObject constructor. Don't forget the leading slash. Another useful option to the third argument is QDBusConnection::ExportProperties, which will export the scriptable properties.

    Signals

    DCOP had broken support for signals. They were public methods, while normal signals in QObject are protected methods. The correct way to port from DCOP signals is to refactor the code to support signals correctly.

    On the current version of QtDBus, you cannot use QDBusConnection::ExportSignals. This is a known limitation and will be fixed in the future. In order to use signals, you'll need to write an adaptor.

    Adaptors are a special QObject that you attach to your normal QObject and whose sole purpose is to relay things to and from the bus. You'll generally use it to export more than one interface or when you need to translate the call arguments in any way.

    You'll declare it as: class MyAdaptor: public QDBusAbstractAdaptor {

       Q_OBJECT
       Q_CLASSINFO("D-Bus Interface", "org.kde.MyAdaptor")
    

    public:

       MyAdaptor(QObject *parent);
    

    signals:

       void signal1();
       void signal2(const QString &argument);
    

    };

    And the implementation will look like: MyAdaptor::MyAdaptor(QObject *parent)

    : QDBusAbstractAdaptor(parent)
    

    {

       setAutoRelaySignals(true);
       /* alternative syntax:
       connect(parent, SIGNAL(signal1()), SIGNAL(signal1()));
       connect(parent, SIGNAL(signal2(QString)), SIGNAL(QString()));
       */
    

    }

    In the class using the adaptor, do this: new MyAdaptor(this); QDBus::sessionBus().registerObject("/<object-path>", this,

                                      QDBusConnection::ExportAdaptors);
    

    Things to notice:

    • MyAdaptor is not exported. This is a private class and the .h file should be a _p.h as well.
    • There's no need to mark the signals in the adaptor as Q_SCRIPTABLE. The same goes for the slots and properties in the adaptor
    • The "setAutoRelaySignals" function just connects all signals in "parent" to the signals of the same name and arguments in the adaptor.
    • There's no need to store the adaptor pointer, it'll be deleted automatically when needed. Therefore, do not delete it and, especially, do not reparent it.
    • You can create more adaptors later, if you need. There's no need to re-register the object.

    DCOP Transactions

    DCOP had the capability of doing transactions: that is, delay the reply from a called method until later on. QtDBus has the same functionality, under a different name.

    Unlike DCOP, with QtDBus, you need a special parameter to your slot in order to receive the information about the call and set up the delayed reply. This parameter is of type QDBusMessage and must appear after the last input parameter. You declare that you want a delayed reply by creating a reply. You will be responsible for sending it later.

    Sample DCOP code: class MyClass: public QObject, public DCOPObject {

       DCOPTransaction *xact;
       DCOPClient *client;
    

    k_dcop:

       QString myMethod(const QString &arg1)
       {
           client = callingDcopClient();
           xact = client->beginTransaction();
           QTimer::singleShot(0, this, SLOT(processLater());
           return QString();       // reply will be ignored
       }
    

    public Q_SLOTS:

       void processLater()
       {
           QByteArray replyData;
           QDataStream stream(&replyData, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
           stream << QString(QLatin1String("foo"));
           client->endTransaction(xact, "QString", replyData);
       }
    

    };

    The equivalent code with QtDBus would be: class MyClass: public QObject {

       QDBusMessage reply;
    

    public Q_SLOTS:

       Q_SCRIPTABLE QString myMethod(const QString &arg1, const QDBusMessage &msg)
       {
           reply = QDBusMessage::methodReply(msg);
           QTimer::singleShot(0, this, SLOT(processLater());
           return QString();       // reply will be ignored
       }
    
       void processLater()
       {
           reply << QString(QLatin1String("foo"));
           reply.connection().send(reply);
       }
    

    };

    Caveats when porting

    • You cannot pass "long" arguments, so remember to cast any WId parameters to qlonglong.
    • KDED object paths should start with "/modules/" (i.e., /modules/kssld, /modules/favicons, etc.)