Development/Tutorials/Games/Palapeli Slicers

From KDE TechBase
Creating a slicer plugin for Palapeli
Tutorial Series   Programming with the Palapeli API
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Port to KF5 if still needed.

Abstract

This tutorial shows you how to create a slicer for Palapeli, that is: a plugin for Palapeli that splits an image into pieces.

As an example for a very basic slicer, we will discuss the structure of the rectangle slicer, which splits the image into a configurable number of evenly-sized pieces.

Technical overview

Overview of the Palapeli infrastructure
Overview of the Palapeli infrastructure

Slicer writers do not have to bother with the changes that occur in the Palapeli application every now and then. Slicer plugins are not linked against Palapeli, but against libpala, a light-weight library that is designed for the sole purpose of slicing management. To Palapeli, it serves as an interface to talk with arbitrary slicer plugins. To slicer plugins, it provides an API to get and perform slicing jobs.

A slicer plugin needs to define a subclass of Pala::Slicer. Of course, you can also define more classes, but libpala will only talk to the single Pala::Slicer subclass.

The code: myslicer.h

#ifndef MYSLICER_H
#define MYSLICER_H

#include <Pala/Slicer>
#include <Pala/SlicerJob>
#include <Pala/SlicerProperty>

class MySlicer : public Pala::Slicer
{
    Q_OBJECT
    public:
        MySlicer(QObject* parent = 0, const QVariantList& args = QVariantList());
        virtual bool run(Pala::SlicerJob* job);
};

#endif // MYSLICER_H

As described above, we need to create a subclass of Pala::Slicer. (We also include the other two classes from libpala, Pala::SlicerJob and Pala::SlicerProperty, which we'll be using in the code.) For this example, we only need to implement the minimum of two functions:

  • The constructor of the Pala::Slicer subclass needs to have exactly that signature, because this constructor is called by the KPluginLoader in this way. The arguments need to be passed to the Pala::Slicer constructor, which might want to handle them. (You as a slicer developer will never have to bother with them.)
  • Pala::Slicer has one pure virtual method run(), which does the actual work.

The code: myslicer.cpp

#include "myslicer.h"

#include <KLocalizedString>
#include <KPluginFactory>
#include <KPluginLoader>

K_PLUGIN_FACTORY(MySlicerFactory, registerPlugin<MySlicer>();)
K_EXPORT_PLUGIN(MySlicerFactory("myslicer"))

MySlicer::MySlicer(QObject* parent, const QVariantList& args)
    : Pala::Slicer(parent, args)
{
    Pala::SlicerProperty* prop;
    prop = new Pala::SlicerProperty(Pala::SlicerProperty::Integer, i18n("Piece count in horizontal direction"));
    prop->setRange(3, 100);
    prop->setDefaultValue(10);
    addProperty("XCount", prop);
    prop = new Pala::SlicerProperty(Pala::SlicerProperty::Integer, i18n("Piece count in vertical direction"));
    prop->setRange(3, 100);
    prop->setDefaultValue(10);
    addProperty("YCount", prop);
}

bool MySlicer::run(Pala::SlicerJob* job)
{
    //read job
    const int xCount = job->argument("XCount").toInt();
    const int yCount = job->argument("YCount").toInt();
    const QImage image = job->image();
    //calculate some metrics
    const int pieceWidth = image.width() / xCount;
    const int pieceHeight = image.height() / yCount;
    const QSize pieceSize(pieceWidth, pieceHeight);
    //create pieces
    for (int x = 0; x < xCount; ++x)
    {
        for (int y = 0; y < yCount; ++y)
        {
            //calculate more metrics
            const QPoint offset(x * pieceWidth, y * pieceHeight);
            const QRect pieceBounds(offset, pieceSize);
            //copy image part to piece
            const QImage pieceImage = image.copy(pieceBounds);
            job->addPiece(x + y * xCount, pieceImage, offset);
        }
    }
    //create relations
    for (int x = 0; x < xCount; ++x)
    {
        for (int y = 0; y < yCount; ++y)
        {
            //along X axis (pointing left)
            if (x != 0)
                job->addRelation(x + y * xCount, (x - 1) + y * xCount);
            //along Y axis (pointing up)
            if (y != 0)
                job->addRelation(x + y * xCount, x + (y - 1) * xCount);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

#include "myslicer.moc"

The two KPlugin headers are necessary for the plugin integration, which happens in line 7 and 8. Note that the string constant in line 8 ("myslicer") needs to match your library name.

The constructor of a Pala::Slicer has two tasks: It needs to pass its arguments to the base class constructor, and define the properties of the slicer. Properties make it possible for the user to configure the slicer. In our case, we let the user choose how much pieces are generated. See the <a href="http://api.kde.org/playground-api/games-apidocs/palapeli/libpala/html/classPala_1_1SlicerProperty.html">Pala::SlicerProperty</a> documentation for more details on what types of properties can be defined. (Warning: libpala's slicer properties have nothing to do with QObject's meta properties.)

We do not save pointers to the Pala::SlicerProperty instances that we add to the slicer. The properties are only passed internally to the application, which will construct an appropriate interface, and allow the user to enter values for the properties. When the user has configured everything, both the source image and the selected property values are packed into a Pala::SlicerJob object. The MySlicer::run method is then called for this job.

In the run method, we read both the image and the property values from the job. After having calculated some metrics, we start to split the image into pieces. The process is straight-forward because all pieces are perfectly rectangular. When piece images are ready, we use the Pala::SlicerJob::addPiece method to add them to the result mass. Note that we need to define piece IDs for each piece (the first parameter of the addPiece call in line 44). These IDs can be arbitrary non-negative numbers, but have to be unique among all pieces.

After we have added all pieces, we need to define neighbor relations between pieces. Neighbor relations are used to snap pieces together when they're near enough. Consider three pieces in a row: If piece 1 is near piece 3, nothing should snap because they do not have a common edge. If piece 1 is moved near piece 2, these should snap together. Therefore, we define a relation between piece 1 and piece 2 (and piece 2 and piece 3, respectively). The relation is added through the Pala::SlicerJob::addRelation method, which takes the IDs of two neighboring pieces. (The neighbor relation only needs to be defined in one direction: If piece 1 is a neighbor of piece 2, then piece 2 is also a neighbor of piece 1.)

We see that the Pala::SlicerJob object is used as a two-way communication channel between the slicer plugin and the application: Palapeli places the source image and the property values in it; the slicer reads these and writes the pieces and the relations into it; and in the end, Palapeli reads the pieces and the relations.

This simple implementation of a Pala::Slicer::run method always returns true. You can return false if something went wrong during the slicing (e. g. because some external resources could not be located).

Integrate into Palapeli: myslicer.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=My very first slicer
Name[de]=Mein erstes Schnittmuster
Comment=It's quite simple, actually.
Comment[de]=Eigentlich ist das ganz einfach.
Type=Service
Icon=myslicer
X-KDE-Library=myslicer
X-KDE-ServiceTypes=Libpala/SlicerPlugin
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Author=Kandalf
[email protected]
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Name=myslicer
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Version=1.0
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Website=http://kde-hackers.example.org/myslicer
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Category=
X-KDE-PluginInfo-Depends=
X-KDE-PluginInfo-License=GPL
X-KDE-PluginInfo-EnabledByDefault=true

We need to tell the Palapeli library that there is a new plugin out there. We need a desktop entry file like shown here. You can mostly copy everything you see here; the most important thing is to keep the fields X-KDE-Library and X-KDE-PluginInfo-Name in sync with the library name (see next section). Note that the name is used in the "New puzzle" dialog to identify this pattern. (It can be translated; for example, a German translation has been added in the above example.)

Build everything: CMakeLists.txt

project(myslicer)
find_package(KDE4 REQUIRED)
find_package(LibPala REQUIRED)

include(KDE4Defaults)
include_directories(${KDE4_INCLUDES} ${pala_INCLUDE_DIRS})

kde4_add_plugin(myslicer myslicer.cpp)
target_link_libraries(myslicer pala ${QT_QTGUI_LIBRARY} ${KDE4_KDECORE_LIBS})

install(TARGETS myslicer DESTINATION ${PLUGIN_INSTALL_DIR})
install(FILES myslicer.desktop DESTINATION ${SERVICES_INSTALL_DIR})

Everything of this is pretty straightforward if you have previous experience with CMake (and this is what I assume). Make sure you compile everything as a plugin, and install it into the plugin directory. Do not forget to link against the "pala" target (which corresponds to libpala). After having installed the plugin, run kbuildsycoca4. This will locate your plugin, and enable Palapeli to use it. Here is how it should look like then:

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